某大型凹陷露天铁矿坑生态环境综合治理途径探讨

Discussion on Comprehensive Management of Ecological Environment in a Large Sunken Open-pit Iron Mine

在安全的前提下,利用凹陷露天矿坑空间和土地的资源优势,将大宗矿业固废回填凹陷露天矿坑并复垦为农用地,是完成凹陷露天矿坑生态环境综合治理的有效途径。以某大型凹陷露天铁矿坑为例,分析了矿区生态环境问题和资源现状,探讨了凹陷露天矿坑生态环境综合治理的途径。可将矿区尾砂、废石等大宗固废进行无害化回填,实现约2000万m^(3)空间容积有效利用,消除地质灾害隐患;同时在凹陷露天矿坑回填工程的基础上设置黏土阻隔层,回填表土并进行培肥,配套建设灌溉排水和田间道路等,将存量采矿用地复垦为耕地,实现土地资源再利用。

Under the premise of safety,it is an effective way to complete the comprehensive management of the ecological environment of the sunken open-pit mine by using the resource advantages of the sunken open-pit mine space and land,backfilling the solid waste of the bulk mining industry into the sunken open-pit mine and reclaiming it into agricultural land.Taking a large open-pit iron mine in a depression as an example,the ecological environment problems and resource status of the mining area were analyzed,and the ways of comprehensive management of the ecological environment of the open-pit mine in the depression were discussed.The tailings,waste rocks and other bulk solid wastes in the mining area can be backfilled harmlessly to realize the effective utilization of the space volume of about 20 million m^(3) and eliminate the hidden dangers of geological disasters.At the same time,on the basis of the backfilling project of the open-pit mine in the depression,the clay barrier layer is set up,the topsoil is backfilled and fertilized,and the irrigation and drainage and field roads are supported to reclaim the stock mining land into cultivated land and realize the reuse of land resources.