自贸区(港)对标DEPA数据流通规则的立法创新研究

Research on Legislative Innovation of Data Flow Rules in Free Trade Zones(Ports)Against DEPA Standards

DEPA作为全球首个专注于数字经济的多边协定,强调了数据流通对于推动数据驱动型经济创新发展的重要性,旨在实现数据的自由流通与创新、数据的互操作性与标准化、个人信息保护与公共数据共享之间的平衡。在推进中国加入DEPA与大力发展数字经济的背景下,自贸区(港)在数据流通方面的政策与DEPA还存在一定差距。自贸区(港)应以开放包容的态度对标DEPA的高标准,加快构建与之相匹配的数据流通法规体系,推动货物贸易、服务贸易、数字贸易、税收政策、人员往来等方面的先行先试,从而实现自贸区(港)数字经济的弯道超车。自贸区(港)要以谨慎的态度对待数据流通过程中的安全问题,可借鉴DEPA“数据监管沙盒”模式,构建自贸区(港)数据流通安全法律体系。建议初期可通过政府规章形式进行试点,逐步完善并最终形成正式立法,以确保数据流通的安全性与合规性,实现自贸区(港)数字经济的健康发展,为全国数字经济领域的制度创新和法律体系构建起到示范和引领作用。

DEPA is the world’s first multilateral agreement on the digital economy,emphasizing the importance of data flow in driving innovation in the data-driven economy and aiming to achieve a balance between free flow of data,innovation,interoperability and standardization,and protection of personal information and public data sharing.In the context of China’s accession to DEPA and the vigorous development of the digital economy,there is still a gap between the policies on data flow in free trade zones(FTZs)and DEPA.Free trade zones(FTZs)should adopt an open and inclusive attitude to align with the high standards of DEPA and accelerate the establishment of a data flow regulatory system that matches it.They should also promote pilot projects in areas such as goods trade,service trade,digital trade,tax policies,and personnel exchanges,thus achieving a leapfrog development in the digital economy of free trade zones(FTZs).Free trade zones(FTZs)should approach the issue of data security during the flow process with caution and can learn from the“data regulatory sandbox”model of DEPA to build a legal system for safe data flow in free trade zones(FTZs).It is suggested that the pilot be launched initially through government regulations and gradually improved and eventually formulated into formal legislation to ensure the safety and compliance of data flow and achieve the healthy development of the digital economy in free trade zones(FTZs),serving as a demonstration and a pioneering role in the institutional innovation and legal system building of the digital economy nationwide.