我国村镇银行风险成因及监管优化路径研究

Research on the Causes of Risks in Rural Banks and the Optimization Path of Regulation in China

村镇银行作为实体经济的坚实支撑,在金融体系内的地位举足轻重。近年来,以河南村镇银行风险事件为代表的村镇银行支付危机频发,反映出村镇银行潜藏风险不容忽视。村镇银行的外部监管尚存短板,监管部门未能根据村镇银行的差异性建立科学动态的监管指标体系,监管过程不符合规范要求。农村金融市场结构相对单一,且存在一些疑似构成不正当竞争的不规范经营行为。同时,村镇银行监管的现行规范尚不完善导致相关领域出现监管空白等问题。这些问题既有来自监管主体的问题,也有来自农村金融市场和立法的问题。为此,应加强金融监管,做好风险审慎监管和监管体系改革;优化地方金融政策、推进金融产品与服务创新以及强化金融监管主体建设,发展地方金融市场;建立健全监管规范,强化对村镇银行的风险管控。

Rural banks,as a solid pillar of the real economy,hold a critical position in the financial system.In recent years,frequent payment crises in rural banks,exemplified by incidents such as those in Henan,have highlighted the hidden risks that cannot be ignored.The external supervision of rural banks still has shortcomings,with regulatory authorities failing to establish a scientific and dynamic regulatory index system based on the differences among rural banks.Current regulatory measures and processes do not meet the required standards.The rural financial market structure is relatively simple,and there are some unregulated business practices that may constitute unfair competition.At the same time,the existing regulations for rural bank supervision are incomplete,leading to regulatory gaps in certain areas.These issues stem from both regulatory authorities and problems in the rural financial market and legislation.Therefore,it is essential to strengthen financial supervision,implement prudent risk regulation,and reform the regulatory system;optimize local financial policies,promote innovation in financial products and services,and strengthen the construction of financial regulatory bodies to develop local financial markets;and establish comprehensive regulatory standards to enhance risk supervision of rural banks.