新时代检察机关法律监督的逻辑体系

Logics of Procuratorial Bodies’Legal Supervision in the New Era

“四大检察”“十大业务”的新格局下,检察机关法律监督形成鲜明的逻辑体系。政治逻辑层面,新时代检察权在全面依法治国、国家治理现代化的整体布局中承载着特定的价值,这些价值统合于检察机关和法律监督的政治性中。治理型司法所具有的“协同”“能动”等特征,以及均衡型司法围绕“权利”产生的权力制约的要求,都在不断形塑着新时代检察机关法律监督的政治逻辑。法理逻辑层面,以法律监督为面向的检察权一元论成为检察与监督的逻辑基点,进而也分化出检察权在国家治理中的逻辑关系。历史逻辑层面,公权力发展中监督性权力的强化,刑事诉讼制度中检察官权力的增长,以及检察职能中诉讼的发展诉讼之外法律监督的不断拓展,都共同作用于新时代检察机关法律监督的结构变迁。形式逻辑层面,“四大检察”外部的执法司法权之间的制约监督,自身的法律监督基本功能的实现,以及内部检察权运行的有机融合,都表明了检察机关法律监督在职能统合上所作的努力。

The evolution of the“Four Procuratorates”and“Ten Procuratorial Businesses”has established a unique framework for legal supervision by procuratorial bodies in China.From a political perspective,procuratorial authority embodies specific values essential for comprehensive legal governance and the modernization of state management in the new era.These values are embedded in the political role of procuratorial organs and their approach to legal supervision.Key features of this governance-oriented judiciary include collaboration and proactivity,while the constraints imposed by a balanced judiciary continue to shape the political logic of procuratorial supervision.Legally,the unitary theory of procuratorial power focused on legal oversight underpins both the work and supervision of procuratorial bodies,clarifying the role of procuratorial power within state governance.Historically,the expansion of supervisory authority,the increase in prosecutorial powers within criminal procedures,and the broadening of legal oversight beyond litigation have led to structural shifts in procuratorial supervision.Regarding formal logic,procuratorial organs work on the functional integration of legal supervision such as the supervision among“Four Procuratorates”,the realization of the basic function of legal supervision itself,and the internal cooperation of procuratorial power.