组织管理中的人工智能决策:述评与展望

AI Decision-making in Organizational Management:A Review and Prospects

本文聚焦于组织管理领域的AI决策问题,对2018—2024年发表的176篇国内外文献进行了系统回顾,剖析组织决策中AI与人类的复杂互动关系。文章从决策要素、决策过程和决策结果三个维度揭示了AI决策与人类决策的本质差异,并提炼出两种AI与人类决策的交互模式:替代决策和合作决策。替代决策的相关研究主要关注不同决策主体之间的差异及其引发的潜在影响;合作决策的相关研究则更加关注合作机制设计、AI对合作决策的影响与合作效果的优化。在此基础上,按照“决策模式选择—决策过程—决策结果”的逻辑构建了一个AI赋能下的综合决策框架,充分考虑了替代决策与合作决策的重叠性和互补性,并强调了人与AI协同的重要性。最后,从AI决策的前因后果、决策机制设计以及中国特殊情境的影响三个方面对未来研究进行了展望,为推动AI从低阶感知智能向高阶决策智能的跃迁提供参考。

This paper focuses on AI decision-making in the field of organizational management,systematically reviewing 176 domestic and foreign literatures published from 2018 to 2024,and analyzing the complex interactions between AI and humans in organizational decision-making.The results reveal the essential differences between AI decision-making and human decision-making from three dimensions:decision-making elements,decision-making processes,and decision-making outcomes,and extracts two interaction modes between AI and human decision-making:substitutive decision-making and collaborative decision-making.The research on substitutive decision-making centers on the disparities among decision-making entities and their potential consequences;while the research on collaborative decision-making emphasizes the design of collaborative mechanisms,the impact of AI on collaborative processes,and the optimization of collaborative outcomes.On this basis,a comprehensive decision-making framework empowered by AI is constructed according to the logic of“decision-making mode selection–decision-making process–decision-making outcome”,fully considering the overlap and complementarity of substitutive decision-making and cooperative decisionmaking,and emphasizing the importance of human-machine collaboration.Finally,future research is discussed from three aspects:the antecedents and consequences of AI decision-making,the design of decision-making mechanisms,and the impact of China’s unique context,providing reference for promoting the transition of AI from low-level perceptual intelligence to high-level decision-making intelligence.