基于R语言数据挖掘探析国家专利数据库中近5年治疗高血压病的中药复方用药规律

The medication rule of Chinese medicine compound prescription in the treatment of hypertension in the national patent database over the past five years based on R language data mining

目的:基于国家知识产权局专利数据库中药复方专利探析近5年中药治疗高血压病的组方规律。方法:搜集2018年7月1日-2023年12月13日符合纳入标准的治疗高血压病的复方专利,采用Excel 2021对药物的使用频次、性味归经等进行描述性统计分析,采用R语言等软件对处方数据进行核心网络共现分析、关联规则分析和聚类分析,以探究中药复方治疗高血压病的组方用药规律。结果:纳入符合标准的高血压病中药复方专利310项,涉及中药516味,中药总使用频率为3439次;用药频次居前5位的中药为丹参、葛根、钩藤、夏枯草、山楂;高频药物功效类别以补虚药、活血化瘀药、清热药、平肝息风药为主,药性以平、寒、温为主,药味以甘、苦、辛为主,归经以肝经、肺经、脾经、肾经、心经为主。通过中药复杂网络筛选到的核心药物为丹参、葛根、天麻、钩藤、牛膝。关联规则分析得到常用药对14条(对药组合7条、角药组合7条),其中支持度最高的为三七-丹参。聚类分析共得到3条数据。由相似性分析得出中药专利复方治疗高血压病各具特色。结论:近5年治疗高血压病的中药复方专利以活血化瘀、平肝息风为主要治则,用药以补虚药为主,佐以活血化瘀药、清热药、平肝息风药,这与原发性高血压本虚标实的病机相一致。

Objective:Based on the patents of Chinese medicine compound prescription in the patent database of China National Intellectual Property Administration,this study explored the medication rules of Chinese medicines in treating hypertension in the past five years.Methods:Chinese medicine compound prescription patents for the treatment of hypertension that met the inclusion criteria from July 1,2018 to December 13,2023 were collected to conduct descriptive statistical analyses of drug usage frequency,medicinal property,medicinal taste,and tropism meridian by Excel 2021.R language and other relevant software were used to conduct core network co-occurrence analysis,association rule analysis,and cluster analysis,so as to explore the medication rules of Chinese medicine compound prescription in the treatment of hypertension.Results:There were 310 patents of Chinese medicine compound prescriptions for treating hypertension that met the inclusion criteria,involving 516 Chinese medicines with a total frequency of usage of 3439 times.The top five Chinese medicines with the highest frequency of usage were Danshen(Radix et Rhizoma Salviae Miltiorrhizae),Gegen(Radix Puerariae Lobatae),Gouteng(Ramulus Uncariae Cum Uncis),Xiakucao(Spica Prunellae),and Shanzha(Fructus Crataegi).According to the efficacy,the high-frequency medicines were mainly classified as tonifying medicines,promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis medicines,clearing heat medicines,calming liver to extinguish wind medicines,with the main medicinal properties of moderate,cold,and warm,the main medicinal flavors of sweet,bitter,and pungency,and the main tropism meridians of liver meridian,lung meridian,spleen meridian,kidney meridian,and heart meridian.The core medicines screened by Chinese medicine complex network included Danshen,Gegen,Tianma(Rhizoma Gastrodiae),Gouteng,and Niuxi(Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae).Association rule analysis revealed 14 groups of commonly used medicine combinations(7 groups of mated medicine combinations and 7 groups of triangular medicine combinations),among which Sanqi(Radix Notoginseng)-Danshen had the highest support.Cluster analysis revealed three pieces of data.The similarity analysis showed that Chinese medicine compound prescription patents had their own characteristics in the treatment of hypertension.Conclusion:In the past five years,Chinese medicine compound prescription patents for treating hypertension took the methods of promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis,and calming liver to extinguish wind as the main treatment principles.The main medicines used were tonifying medicines,supplemented by promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis medicines,clearing heat medicines,and calming liver to extinguish wind medicines.This therapy is consistent with the pathogenesis of deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality of primary hypertension.