儿童哮喘发作的过敏原及相关防护措施分析

Analysis of Allergens and Related Protective Measures of Children with Asthma Attacks

目的探讨儿童哮喘发作的过敏原及相关防护措施。方法选择2021年1月—2022年12月在本院就诊的哮喘发作患儿362例作为研究组,根据年龄±0.5岁、性别相同和1∶1的原则,抽取同期在本院体检健康儿童362例作为对照组。采用免疫印迹法检测血清中过敏原特异性IgE和总IgE。结果研究组和对照组儿童蟑螂、黄豆过敏原阳性率相比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),研究组屋尘螨、粉尘螨、猫毛皮屑、狗毛皮屑、屋尘、霉菌组合、树组合、鸡蛋、牛奶、花生、牛肉、羊肉、海鱼组合、淡水鱼组合、虾过敏原阳性率均高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组血清总IgE和特异性IgE阳性率均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。<3岁患儿吸烟性过敏原阳性率高于3~6岁和>6岁患儿(P<0.05),<3岁患儿食源性过敏原阳性率高于3~6岁和>6岁患儿(P<0.05)。结论通过测定过敏原,可明确患儿吸入性和食源性过敏原的阳性情况,为哮喘的防控提供科学依据。

Objective To explore allergens and related protective measures of children with asthma attacks.Methods The paper chose 362 children with asthma attacks in our hospital from January 2021 to December 2022 as study group,and 362 healthy children with physical examinations in our hospital during the same period as control group according to principle of age±0.5,gender equality and proportion of 1:1.Allergen specific IgE and total IgE in serum was detected with Immunoblotting.Results There was no statistically significant difference in positive rates of cockroaches and soybean allergens between study group and control group,(P>0.05).Positive rates of house dust mites,dust mites,cat dander,dog dander,house dust,fungal combinations,tree combinations,eggs,milk,peanuts,beef,lamb,sea fish combinations,freshwater fish combinations,and shrimp allergens in study group were all higher than control group,(P<0.05).Total IgE and specific IgE positivity rates in study group were higher than control group,difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Positive rate of smoking allergens of 3-year-old children was higher than those of 3~6 and>6(P<0.05).Positive rate of foodborne allergens of children with age<3 was higher than those of 3~6 and>6,(P<0.05).Conclusion Allergens detection can clarify positive status of inhaled and foodborne allergens of children,provide scientific basis for prevention and control of asthma.