55056例住院患者红细胞不规则抗体特异性鉴定与疾病分布规律

Specific identification and disease distribution of irregular erythrocyte antibodies in 55056 inpatients

目的探讨红细胞不规则抗体的特异性及其在疾病中的分布规律,为临床输血安全提供依据。方法使用微柱凝胶法对空军军医大学第二附属医院2023年1月至2024年5月55056例住院患者血浆进行不规则抗体筛查,并鉴定抗体特异性及在人体不同系统疾病中的分布规律。结果55056例住院患者中检出不规则抗体阳性标本共计272例,检出率为4.9‰,易产生不规则抗体的疾病为消化系统(21.32%)、循环系统(16.91%)、神经系统(15.44%)和生殖系统(14.71%)疾病等。不规则抗体种类经鉴定,Rh血型系统119例(43.75%),MNS血型系统41例(15.07%),Lewis血型系统17例(6.25%),Kidd血型系统5例(1.84%),P血型系统1例(0.37%),Duffy血型系统3例(1.1%),Diego血型系统1例(0.37%),而其他不明性质抗体85例(31.25%),其中自身抗体26例(30.59%),未知特异性抗体45例(52.94%),混合抗体14例(16.47%)。结论住院患者提前做不规则抗体筛查,对及时、有效选择相合血液输注,确保临床输血安全具有重要意义。

Objective To investigate the specificity of irregular erythrocyte antibody and its distribution in diseases,and to provide a basis for the safety of clinical blood transfusion.Methods A total of 55056 inpatients in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University from January 2023 to May 2024 were screened for irregular antibodies in plasma by microcolumn gel method,and the specificity of the antibody and distribution of the screened positive samples were identified.Results A total of 272 samples were found to be positive for irregular antibodies from the 55056 inpatients,with a detection rate of 4.9‰.The diseases prone to produce irregular antibodies were digestive system(21.32%),circulatory system(16.91%),nervous system(15.44%),and reproductive system(14.71%).Among the 272 positive samples,there were 119 cases(43.75%)of Rh blood group system,41 cases(15.07%)of MNS blood group system,17 cases(6.25%)of Lewis blood group system,5 cases(1.84%)of Kidd blood group system,1 case(0.37%)of P blood group system,3 cases(1.1%)of Duffy blood group system,1 case of Diego blood group system(0.37%),and 85 cases(31.25%)of unknown antibodies(including 26 cases[30.59%]of autoantibodies,45 cases[52.94%]of unknown specific antibodies,and 14 cases[16.47%]of mixed antibodies).Conclusion Irregular antibody screening in advance for inpatients is of great significance for timely and effective selection of suitable blood transfusions and ensuring the safety of clinical blood transfusions.