桡骨远端冠状位骨性结构匹配在桡骨远端骨折治疗的应用研究

Application of distal radius coronal bone structure matching in the treatment of distal radius fractures

目的:探讨冠状位骨性结构匹配(coronal bone structure matching,CBSM)在桡骨远端骨折治疗的临床应用效果。方法:回顾性分析2018年1月至2022年1月治疗的39例桡骨远端骨折患者临床资料,其中男22例,女17例;年龄22~65(48.9±16.3)岁,39例患者均行切开复位钢板内固定术。术后次日复查X线片依据CBSM是否在正常范围内分为匹配组及不匹配组。匹配组27例,男15例,女12例;年龄22~64(48.0±16.2)岁;骨折AO分型,C1型6例,C2型21例;受伤至手术时间1~6 d;合并尺骨茎突骨折9例。不匹配组12例,男7例,女5例;年龄22~65(48.8±15.8)岁;骨折AO分型,C1型4例,C2型8例;受伤至手术时间1~5 d;合并尺骨茎突骨折4例。统计比较两组患者术后3个月桡骨高度、掌倾角、尺偏角及骨折愈合情况,两组患者末次随访腕关节活动疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale score,VAS)、腕关节及前臂的活动度。应用Gartland-Werley法评价末次随访腕关节功能优良率并进行组间比较。结果:39例均获随访,时间6~14(9.5±4.3)个月,所有患者术后无切口感染、骨折不愈合、骨折移位发生。末次随访,不匹配组VAS高于匹配组[(2.5±1.3)分vs(1.6±1.0)分]、前臂旋前活动度小于匹配组[(70.5±12.6)°vs(80.5±9.4)°],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组末次随访腕关节活动度(旋后、掌屈、背伸)及腕关节优良率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:桡骨远端骨折患者术后CBSM不匹配,术后容易发生腕关节疼痛及旋前活动受限。

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of coronal bone structure matching(CBSM)in the treatment of distal radius fracture.Methods A total of 39 cases of distal radius fracture between Jannary 2018 and Jannary 2022 were included in this study.Among them there were 22 males and 17 females with an average age of(48.9±16.3)years old,ranged from 22 to 65 years old.All patients were treated with open reduction and internal fixation with plates.Based on the measurement of CBSM value on the X-ray film the next day after surgery.All patients were divided into matched group and mismatched group according to the coronal bone structure matching in the normal range or not.There were 27 patients in the matched group,including 15 males and 12 females,the age ranged from 22 to 64 years old with an average of(48.0±16.2)years old.AO classification of fracture was C1 in 6 cases and C2 in 21 cases;the operation time ranged from 1 to 6 days after injury;9 cases were complicated with ulnar styloid process fracture.There were 12 patients in the mismatched group,including 7 males and 5 females;the age ranged from 22 to 65 years old with an average of(48.8±15.8)years old.AO classification of fracture was C1 in 4 cases and C2 in 8 cases;the time from injury to operation ranged from 1 to 5 days;4 cases were complicated with ulnar styloid process fracture.The X-ray films were used to evaluate fracture healing,humeral height,ulnar angle and palm tilt angle at 3 months after operation.The range of wrist motion(pronation,supination,palmar inclination and dorsiflexion),function outcomes(Gartland-Werley score)and pain levels(visual analogue scale,VAS)were compared between the two groups at the last follow-up.Results The average follow-up time of 39 patients were(9.5±4.3)months,ranged from 6 to 14 months.All patients healed in one stage without postoperative infection,fracture nonunion and fracture displacement occurred.Compared with match group at the last follow-up,the VAS in the mismatch group was increased[(2.5±1.3)points vs(1.6±1.0)points],the wrist pronation were decreased[(70.5±12.6)°vs(80.5±9.4)°],with statistically significant difference(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the range of motion(supination,palmar inclination,dorsiflexion)and excellent good rate between the two groups at last follow-up after operation(P>0.05).Conclusion Wrist dysfunction,limited pronation,and wrist pain may occur when the postoperative matching degree of the distal radius fracture is not within the normal range.