城市道路中间路段人车冲突中网联预警信息对驾驶行为的影响

Impacts of Connected Warning Information on Driver Behavior in Pedestrian-vehicle Conflict at the Mid-block of Urban Roads

本文旨在研究网联预警信息对城市道路人车冲突中驾驶人行为的影响。利用驾驶模拟器设计城市道路驾驶场景与网联预警信息系统,考虑不同类型的视觉盲区,构建了6个典型的行人与机动车冲突场景。将招募的70名驾驶人划分为实验组和对照组,进行驾驶模拟器实验,采集实验过程中的驾驶人行为和车辆轨迹数据。利用生存分析法研究了不同因素对冲突过程中驾驶人避让反应时间与制动持续时间的影响,并建立面向冲突过程的人车事故风险预测模型,评估网联预警信息对驾驶行为的影响。结果表明:由公交车、路侧停车及树木与车辆等导致的视觉盲区会降低驾驶绩效,增加冲突过程中驾驶人的避让反应时间,降低制动持续时间;人行横道的存在使平均避让反应时间减少0.90 s,使平均制动持续时间增加0.41 s,并降低人车事故风险;网联预警信息可使驾驶人的平均避让反应时间减少0.52 s,平均制动持续时间增加0.40 s,使制动过程更加平稳,显著降低冲突过程中的事故风险,保障行人安全。

This study investigates the impact of connected warning information on driver behavior during pedestri-an-vehicle conflicts on urban roads.Using a driving simulator,urban driving scenarios and connected warning infor-mation systems are designed,incorporating various types of visual blind areas to create six typical pedestrian-vehi-cle conflicts.Seventy participants are recruited and divided into experimental and control groups to complete the simulator tests,during which driver behavior and vehicle trajectory data are collected.Survival analysis is employed to examine the effects of different factors on drivers'reaction times and braking durations during conflicts.Addi-tionally,pedestrian-vehicle crash prediction models are developed to assess crash risk and evaluate the influence of connected warning information on driver behavior.Results indicated that blind spots caused by buses,trees and cars,and parked cars negatively impacted driver performance,resulting in longer reaction times and shorter braking durations.Contrarily,the presence of crosswalks reduced the mean avoidance reaction time by 0.90 s,increased the mean braking duration by 0.41 s,and lowered pedestrian-vehicle crash risk.Furthermore,connected warning infor-mation is found to positively affect driver behavior,reducing mean avoidance reaction times by 0.52 s and increas-ing braking duration by 0.40 s.This leads to smoother braking processes and significantly decreased crash risks,thereby enhancing pedestrian safety.