GIS的科学概念转化:从Map-based GIS到Space-oriented GIS

The transformation of the scientific concept of GIS:from Map-based GIS to Space-oriented GIS

从20世纪60年代至今,GIS已有60余年的发展历程,其内涵经历了地理信息系统(GISystem)到地理信息科学(GIScience),再到地理信息服务(GIService)的转变。这一时期的GIS研究主要基于地图学的二维抽象表达逻辑(Map-based GIS),实现对现实世界的抽象分析与表达。然而,随着实景三维、数字孪生、城市信息模型等新技术及新需求的不断涌现,GIS原有的二维抽象逻辑面临多源异构时空大数据汇聚、处理、融合,复杂时空动态过程表征,以及潜在时空规律挖掘等的挑战。如何调整GIS的科学定位,以适应数字社会对空间对象表达与分析的多类型、多层次、多角色需求,成为当前GIS发展亟须考虑的重要问题。本文针对当前GIS发展面临的问题和转变,从方法论角度,深入分析Map-based GIS在空间表征、空间分析及综合应用上的瓶颈,进而立足于新时代GIS的发展需求,在融合Map-based GIS的逻辑思维基础上,从理论基础、管理模式、可视化形式、功能定位等视角,提出新时代从Map-based GIS到Space-oriented GIS的科学概念转化模型,创新GIS科学概念转化下的新型应用。本文期待能为新时期GIS的发展提供参考思路。

analysis and representation of the real world.However,with the continuous emergence of new technologies and new demands such as 3D real scene,digital twins,and city information modeling(CIM),the original two-dimensional logic of GIS is facing challenges in the collection,processing,and fusion of multi-source heterogeneous spatiotemporal big data,the representation of complex spatiotemporal dynamic processes,and the mining of potential spatiotemporal patterns.How to adjust the scientific positioning of GIS to adapt to the multi-type,multi-level,and multi-role needs of spatial object expression and analysis in the digital society has become an important issue that GIS development urgently needs to consider.From a methodological perspective,we deeply analyzes the bottlenecks of Map-based GIS in spatial representation,spatial analysis,and comprehensive application.Furthermore,based on the development needs of GIS in the new era,we propose a scientific concept transformation model from Map-based GIS to Space-oriented GIS,integrating the logical thinking of Map-based GIS from the perspectives of theoretical foundations,management models,visualization forms,and functional positioning,and innovative applications under the transformation of GIS scientific concepts.This research aims to provide reference ideas for the development of GIS in the new era.