数据跨境流动倡导性条款发展路径与中国因应——基于RCEP、CPTPP及DEPA的分析

The Development Path of Advocacy Clauses on Cross-border Data Flow and China’Response:Based on RCEP,CPTPP and DEPA

在国际经贸规则尤其是区域贸易协定中,倡导性条款是成员国解决未协商一致问题的过渡性手段,其与约束性条款一起组成了完整可推动的协定内容,从本质上反映了缔约成员国对某一暂时没有能力实现的预期目标的追求。《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》《全面与进步跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》以及《数字经济伙伴关系协定》中数据跨境流动倡导性条款的更迭出现,表明数据议题的重要性在加速提升,但仍然存在较多的分歧与可实现路径。通过对国际数字跨境流动倡导性条款的分析,有利于中国区分不同国际经贸规则的应对方式,全面落实《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》中数据跨境流动倡导性条款,衔接《全面与进步跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》与《数字经济伙伴关系协定》的加入谈判申请,提升数字规则国际法实践能力,实现经贸规则话语权的扩大。

In international economic and trade rules,especially regional trade agreements,advocacy/soft clauses are a transitional measures for member states to resolve issues of non-consensus,and together with binding clauses,they constitute a complete and promotable content of the agreement,which essentially reflects the pursuit of an expected goal that the member states are unable to achieve for the time being.The emergence of the advocacy/soft clauses on cross-border data flow in the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership,Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership,and Digital Economy Partnership Agreement indicate that the importance of data issues is accelerating,but there are still many differences and implementation paths.Through the analysis of the advocacy/soft clauses on cross-border data flows,it is conducive to China’s response to different international economic and trade rules,fully implement the advocacy clauses on cross-border data flows in the RCEP,connect the applications for the CPTPP and the DEPA to join the negotiations,improve the practical capacity of digital rules in international law,and expand the discourse power of economic and trade rules.