空间正义:问题指向及其在中国研究中的适用限度

Spatial Justice:Problem Orientation and Its Applicability Limitations in Chinese Studies

城市化使得以居住为中心的空间非正义问题日益凸显。都市马克思主义学者揭示了空间非正义的生产、归因及矫正机制,将空间维度带到社会正义、经济发展和全球政治研究之中,确立了空间在政治社会关系型构中的主体地位。空间正义理论直指城市空间生产和分配中的权利问题,被广泛应用于土地开发、环境正义、居住空间、城市治理等研究领域,显示出卓越的范式优势。然而,空间正义理论以土地私有化、资本化为前提,以欧美国家的资本主义历史经验为依据,在被用于分析其他国家和地区的空间问题时,存在如下局限:将空间非正义问题简单归因于资本主义制度;忽视了国家在资本调控上的自主性;忽略了已然变化的阶级和时空条件;因悬置了地方性问题而难以有效分析其他国家和地区的复杂经验。当前部分研究者未清晰把握空间正义的理论前提、适用背景及解释限度,简单地将资本和政府视为空间(非)正义的关键肇因。中国空间研究者应充分重视中国政治制度、土地制度、多层政府行为逻辑和发展阶段等因素,面向动态的地方空间实践和民众空间生活,逐步发展出本土空间理论话语体系。

Urbanization has increasingly highlighted spatial injustice issues centered around residence.Urban Marxists have revealed the production,attribution,and correction mechanisms of spatial injustice.They have brought the spatial dimension into the study of social justice,economic development,and global politics,establishing the central role of space in political and social relations.Spatial justice theory directly addresses issues of rights in urban spatial production and distribution.Since its inception,this theory has been widely applied in research fields such as land development,environmental justice,housing space,and city governance,leading to a rapid growth in related research literature.However,spatial justice theory,based on land privatization and the historical experiences of capitalism in Europe and America,has limitations when analyzing spatial issues in other countries and regions:it simplistically attributes spatial injustice to capitalist systems,overlooks the autonomy of states in capital regulation,ignores the changing class and temporal conditions,and leaves local issues suspended,making it difficult to effectively analyze the complex experiences of other countries and regions.Some current research in academia has not clearly grasped the theoretical premises,applicability backgrounds,and interpretive limits of spatial justice,simply regarding capital and government as key causes of spatial(in)justice.Chinese spatial studies should fully consider factors such as China's political system,land system,multi-level government behavior logic,and developmental stages.They should focus on dynamic local spatial practices and people's spatial lives,gradually developing a local spatial theory discourse system.