基于比价的公铁联运“门到门”货运定价模型研究

Research on Door-to-Door Freight Pricing Model under Condition of Road-Rail Intermodal Transport Based on Price Ratio

公铁联运“门到门”货运全过程动态定价问题是促进公铁联运发展的基础性问题,科学合理的定价有助于公铁联运经营企业在激烈竞争的环境中赢得市场。在考虑公路货运价格的基础上,量化单位公铁联运货运成本,基于公铁联运与公路货运价格比价竞争关系,采用Logit分担率模型,构建基于公铁联运与公路货运价格比价关系的公铁联运“门到门”货运动态定价模型;选取福州到北京线路进行模型应用,采用实际距离、货运单价、公铁联运货运单位成本等数据,利用数学软件编程求解,得到不同公铁联运与公路货运价格比价下的公铁联运货运分担率和营业收入。算例结果表明:当福州到北京两地市场仅有公路、铁路2种物流方式参与竞争,不考虑航空、水运时,公铁联运与公路货运价格比价取0.646时公铁联运货运营业收入取得最大值。此时,公铁联运“门到门”货运整体定价为0.19元/(t·km),货运量分担率为24.74%。实际工作中营销人员可以根据此模型结合实时公路货运价格市场变化情况动态调整决策,利用价格杠杆争取货源。

The dynamic pricing of the entire door-to-door freight transport process based on road�rail intermodal transport is a fundamental issue for promoting the development of road-rail intermodal transport.Scientific and reasonable pricing is helpful for road-rail intermodal transport companies to win in a highly competitive environment.By considering the price of road freight transport,the unit freight cost of road-rail intermodal transport was quantified.Based on the price ratio competition relationship of road-rail intermodal transport and road freight transport,the logit sharing rate model was used to construct the dynamic pricing model of door-to-door freight transport based on road-rail intermodal transport by referring to the above price ratios.This paper selected the Fuzhou-Beijing route for model application,used data such as actual distance,unit price of the freight,and unit cost of road-rail intermodal transport,and employed Mathematical software for programming and solution.As a result,the paper obtained freight sharing rate and operating income of road-rail intermodal transport and road freight transport under different price ratios.The results of the example show that when there are only two modes of logistics,road and railway,to compete in the market between Fuzhou and Beijing,and air and water transport are not considered,the operating income from road-rail intermodal transport reaches the maximum when the price ratio of road-rail intermodal transport to road freight transport is 0.646.At this moment,the total price of door-to-door freight transport based on road-rail intermodal transport is 0.19 yuan/(t∙km),and the sharing rate of the freight volume is 24.74%.In practice,marketing personnel can dynamically adjust decisions based on the model and changes in the market price of the real-time road freight market and use the price lever to achieve the supply of goods.