岩藻多糖对犊牛生长性能、抗氧化指标、免疫指标及肠道菌群的影响

Effects of fucoidan on growth performance,antioxidant capacity,immunity and intestinal flora of calves

为研究岩藻多糖(Fucoidan)对犊牛生长性能、血清抗氧化指标、血清免疫指标和肠道菌群的影响,试验选取(30±5)日龄和体重(65.58±3.79)kg的健康荷斯坦犊牛24头,随机分为对照组(C组)和岩藻多糖组(F组),每组12个重复,每个重复1头。C组饲喂代乳粉,F组在饲喂代乳粉的基础上添加0.3%的岩藻多糖,试验期10 d。结果显示:(1)F组第1~10天平均日增重(ADG)相较于C组提高了6.93%(P> 0.05)。(2)F组血清中丙二醛(MDA)含量比C组降低了27.82%(P <0.05),F组血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性比C组提高了12.41%(P <0.05)。(3)F组血清中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)含量比C组分别降低了24.63%和17.98%(P <0.05),F组血清中白细胞介素-2(IL-2)和免疫球蛋白A(IgA)含量比C组分别提高了26.67%和26.23%(P <0.05)。(4)与C组相比,F组分类操作单元(OTU)数量提高,F组肠道菌群Chaol指数和Shannon指数比C组分别提高了16.47%和13.10%(P <0.05)。在门水平上,与C组相比,F组肠道中拟杆菌门相对丰度显著提高(P <0.05),变形菌门相对丰度显著降低(P <0.05)。在属水平上,与C组相比,F组中拟杆菌属相对丰度显著提高(P <0.05),链球菌属相对丰度显著降低(P <0.05)。结果表明,代乳粉中添加岩藻多糖可提高犊牛抗氧化能力、免疫能力和肠道中有益菌的相对丰度,减少有害菌的相对丰度,从而改善犊牛肠道菌群结构。

This experiment aimed to study the effect of fucoidan on growth performance,serum antioxidant index,serum immune index and intestinal flora in calves.Twenty-four healthy Holstein calves of(30±5) days of age and body weight of(65.58±3.79)kg were randomly divided into control group(group C)and fucoidan group(group F) with 12 replicates per group and 1 calf per replicate.Group C was fed milk replacer,group F was fed milk replacer with 0.3% of fucoidan.The experiment was 10 days.The results showed that:(1) Compared with group C,the average daily gain(ADG) of group F was increased by 6.48%(P > 0.05).(2) The serum malondialdehyde(MDA) content in group F was decreased by 27.82% compared with the group C(P < 0.05),and the superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity in group F was increased by12.41% compared with group C(P < 0.05).(3) The contents of tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α) and interleukin-6(IL-6) in serum of group F were decreased by 24.63% and 17.98% compared with group C(P< 0.05).Serum interleukin-2(IL-2) and immunoglobulin A(IgA) contents in group F were increased by26.67% and 26.23% compared with group C,respectively(P < 0.05).(4) Compared with group C,the number of OUT in group F was increased,the Chaol index and Shannon index of intestinal flora in group F were increased by 16.47% and 13.10%(P < 0.05).At the phylum level,compared with group C,the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in the gut of group F was significantly increased(P < 0.05),while the relative abundance of Proteobacteria was significantly decreased(P < 0.05).At the genus level,compared with group C,the relative abundance of Bacteroides in group F was significantly increased(P < 0.05),and that of Streptococcus was significantly decreased(P < 0.05).The study concluded that the addition of fucoidan in the milk replacer could improve the antioxidant capacity and immunity of calves,increase the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria and reduce the relative abundance of harmful bacteria,and thus improve the intestinal flora structure of calves.