两种喂养模式对斑鳜生长和肌肉营养成分的影响

Effects of two feed types on the growth speed and muscle nutritional components of Siniperca scherzeri

为研究配合饲料和鲜活饵料两种投喂模式对斑鳜生长和肌肉营养组分的影响,试验通过设置2个组别,对斑鳜幼鱼分别投喂配合饲料(FG)和鲜活饵料(LG),开展9个月的养殖对比试验,对比生长表型和肌肉营养组分差异。结果表明:在生长表型方面,LG组的斑鳜在存活率、增重率、脏体比、肝体比和肥满度等指标方面均显著高于FG组(P<0.05)。在肌肉组分方面,LG组的斑鳜肌肉粗蛋白质含量(20.45%)低于FG组(21.35%,P<0.05),与之相反的是粗脂肪含量(1.45%)高于FG组(0.65%,P<0.05),而在水分和灰分含量方面两组之间均无显著差异。在两种投喂模式下的斑鳜肌肉中均检测到17种氨基酸,LG组斑鳜的赖氨酸含量显著高于FG组(P<0.05),甘氨酸、脯氨酸含量显著低于FG组(P<0.05),其他14种氨基酸含量、总氨基酸含量(TAA)、必需氨基酸含量(EAA)和鲜味氨基酸含量(DAA)无显著差异;在AAS和CS的评分方面,LG组在除赖氨酸外的必需氨基酸方面评分均显著高于FG组(P<0.05)。在水解脂肪酸方面,LG组斑鳜共检测到17种脂肪酸,比FG组多1种(花生酸),两组间肌肉组分中有13种脂肪酸含量存在显著差异(P<0.05),LG组饱和脂肪酸含量(25.36%)显著低于FG组(29.83%)(P<0.05),在单不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸和EPA+DHA含量均高于FG组(P<0.05)。鲜活饵料养殖的斑鳜在生长性能、肌肉营养品质均略优于饲料养殖的斑鳜,同时两种饵料投喂模式下养殖的斑鳜肌肉均呈现高蛋白、低脂肪的特点,均为人类可食用的优质蛋白源,研究结果为斑鳜养殖的可持续发展提供了理论支持。

To understand the effects of two feeding modes-formulated feed and live prey fish,on the growth and muscle nutritional components of Siniperca scherzeri,two groups of juvenile fish were set,and fed on formulated feed(FG) or live prey fish(LG) respectively,to compare the differences in growth phenotypes and muscle nutrient components after conducting a 9 months comparative feeding experiment.The results showed as follows:in terms of growth phenotype,the survival rate,weight gain rate,viscera/body weight ratio,liver/body weight ratio and fatness of LG group were significantly improved than those in the FG group(P <0.05).In terms of muscle composition,the crude protein content(20.45%) in LG group was lower than that in the FG group(21.35%,P < 0.05),while the crude lipid content(1.45%) was higher than that in the FG group(0.65%,P < 0.05).However,there were no significant differences in moisture and ash content between the LG and FG groups.A total of 17 kinds of amino acids were detected in both juvenile fish muscle from LG and FG groups,the lysine content of LG group was significantly higher than that in the FG group(P < 0.05),whereas the glycine and proline contents of LG group were lower than that in the feed group(P < 0.05).Meanwhile,there was no significant difference in the contents of other 14 amino acids,total amino acids,essential amino acids,and umami amino acids.In terms of AAS and CS scores,the scores of essential amino acids except lysine in LG group were significantly improved than those in FG group(P < 0.05).In terms of hydrolyzed fatty acids,17 kinds of fatty acids were detected in LG group,one more fatty acid(arachidic acid)than that in FG group.Moreover,13 kinds of fatty acids in muscle components had varied between LG and FG groups(P < 0.05).The saturated fatty acid content(25.36%) in LG group was significantly lower than that in FG group(29.83%)(P < 0.05),whereas the contents of monounsaturated fatty acid,polyunsaturated fatty acid,and EPA+DHA in LG group were significantly higher than those in FG group(P < 0.05).The present study showed that fish fed on live prey fish showed improved growth performance than those fed on formulated feed.Meanwhile,high-protein and low-fat proportion of the muscle were found in Siniperca scherzeri under two feeding mode,indicated those fish were edible premium protein product for humans.The results of the study will be useful as a theoretical reference for the sustainable development of Siniperca scherzeri.