沧州市气传花粉检测与过敏性鼻炎就诊情况研究

A study of airborne pollen detection and allergic rhinitis visits in Cangzhou,China

目的探究沧州市气传花粉的分布情况,分析花粉特征、气象因子和过敏性鼻炎(AR)就诊率间的关联性,为沧州市AR的精准防治提供参考依据。方法应用重力沉降法收集2022年3~10月沧州市监测点每日气传花粉并记录花粉的种类及数量。收集同期就诊于沧州市中心医院耳鼻咽喉科AR患者的信息及同期气象数据(每日最高温度、最低温度、最大相对湿度、最大降水量、地面最大风速),并分析AR患者就诊量、花粉量和气象因子三者之间的关系。结果(1)2022年3~10月共收集到花粉曝片229张,共计花粉19368粒,其中18750粒花粉可鉴别出19个科属,有618粒难以鉴别科属。(2)期间花粉出现2个高峰期,分别是4月和9月。春季花粉以树本类为主,以松科、杨柳科柳属、木犀科(白蜡属)最多见;夏季花粉量有所下降,但仍以树本类为主;秋季花粉以草本类为主,以菊科蒿属、桑科、禾本科最多见。(3)沧州市花粉浓度与最大湿度、最大降水量、最高温度、最低温度均呈负相关。地面最大风速与花粉浓度呈正相关。(4)花粉浓度与就诊人数呈正相关。对6~10月的每日就诊量与空气花粉浓度进行相关性分析,得到显著正相关,而3~5月的结果显示无显著相关性。结论沧州市气传花粉播散高峰期为4月和9月。春、夏季花粉以树本类为主,优势花粉为松科、杨柳科柳属、木犀科(白蜡属);秋季花粉以草本类为主,优势花粉为菊科蒿属、桑科、禾本科。气象因子是影响花粉浓度的重要因素。一定范围内,最大湿度越低、最大降水量最少、最高或最低温度越低,花粉浓度越高,且花粉浓度受最低温度影响更大。6~10月花粉浓度与AR患者就诊人数存在相关性,可作为AR患病的环境预警指标。

OBJECTIVE To explore the distribution of airborne pollen in Cangzhou,to analyze the correlation between pollen characteristics,meteorological factors and the rate of allergic rhinitis visits,and to provide a reference basis for the precise prevention and treatment of allergic rhinitis in Cangzhou.METHODS The gravity deposition method was applied to collect daily airborne pollen from the monitoring sites in Cangzhou from March to October 2022 and record the pollen species and quantities.We also collected information on allergic rhinitis patients who visited the ENT Department of Cangzhou Central Hospital during the same period and meteorological data(daily maximum temperature,minimum temperature,maximum relative humidity,maximum precipitation,and maximum wind speed at ground level)during the same period,and analyzed the relationship between the number of AR patients'visits,the amount of pollen,and the meteorological factors.RESULTS 1.A total of 229 pollen exposures were collected from March to October 2022,totaling 19368 pollen grains,of which 18750 grains of pollen could be identified in 19 families and 618 grains were difficult to identify the families.2.There were two peaks of pollen during the period,in April and September respectively.Spring pollen to tree-based category,to the pine family,willow willow family,Xylariaceae(ash)most often;summer pollen volume has declined,but still tree-based category;fall pollen to herbaceous category,to the Asteraceae Artemisia,mulberry,Gramineae most often.3.The pollen concentration in Cangzhou City was negatively correlated with maximum humidity,maximum precipitation,maximum temperature,and minimum temperature.Maximum wind speed at ground level was positively correlated with pollen concentration.4.Pollen concentration was positively correlated with the number of visits.The correlation analysis between daily medical visits from June to October and air pollen concentration showed a significant positive correlation,while the results from March to May showed no significant correlation.CONCLUSION The peak of airborne pollen dispersal in April and September in Cangzhou.Spring and summer pollen is dominated by tree species,and the dominant pollen is Pinaceae,Willow genus of Populus,and Xylariaceae(ash genus);fall pollen is dominated by herbaceous species,and the dominant pollen is Artemisia,Asteraceae,Mulberry,and Gramineae.Meteorological factors are important factors affecting pollen concentration.Within a certain range,the lower the maximum humidity,the lowest maximum precipitation,the lower the highest or the lowest temperature,the higher the pollen concentration,and the pollen concentration is more affected by the lowest temperature.There is a correlation between pollen concentration and the number of AR patients'visits from June to October,which can be used as an environmental early warning indicator of the prevalence of AR.