机器与人类的不可区分性问题研究——回到图灵测试

The Indistinguishability Problem Between Machines and Humans:Revisiting the Turing Test

图灵测试聚焦探索机器与人类之间的不可区分性,并引发智能问题的广泛争论。由于其后续的变体测试多着眼于通过技术实现机器迷惑人类的目的而逐渐脱离了智能问题的核心,并且智能问题本身也涉及诸多难以明确定义的概念,因此学界尚未就“机器是否能够思考”达成共识。人工智能的新发展,揭示出许多先前被视为正确的理论在面对现实时的不足和缺陷。为此,需要考虑一种新的智能观。其一,智能具有多种功能、形式和结果,人类中心主义的智能观忽视了存在其他非人类智能方式的可能性。其二,关于人工智能是否能够如人类般思考,或者是否产生了意识的争论可以使智能问题由此走出意识的僵局。

The Turing Test focuses on exploring the indistinguishability between machines and human beings,and has sparked widespread debate on the issue of intelligence.Subsequent variations of the test have diverged from the core issue of intelligence by focusing on achieving the goal of deceiving human beings through technology.Additionally,the issue of intelligence involves many ambiguously defined concepts,leading to a lack of consensus in academia on whether machines can think.New developments in artificial intelligence have revealed many shortcomings and flaws in previously accepted theories when confronted with reality.This requires considering a new perspective on intelligence.Firstly,intelligence has multiple functions,forms,and outcomes.An anthropocentric view of intelligence overlooks the possibility of other non human forms of intelligence.Secondly,whether artificial intelligence can think like humans or develop consciousness are not obstacles in the development process of artificial intelligence;rather,these controversies can help move the issue of intelligence beyond the deadlock of consciousness.