民族地区传统村落发展模式分析——以芒景村为例

Analysis of Traditional Village Development Models in Ethnic Areas——A Case Study of Mangjing Village

民族地区传统村落是重要文化遗产,具有文化、历史、经济、社会、生态等价值,有助于全面推进乡村振兴和铸牢中华民族共同体意识。目前有些地区传统村落的发展还存在人口老龄化与空心化、村落保护不足和过度开发、自然损毁严重、村民认知偏差未充分重视等诸多问题。基于此,研究选定云南省普洱市澜沧拉祜族自治县惠民乡芒景村作为案例,采用田野调查与扎根理论相结合的研究方法,对所收集的资料进行了深入分析、归纳和整理,得出该村落以地方政府为主导,精英为带动力量,社区为协调平台,市场积极参与的多方主体互动模式,提出只有坚持政府主导并完善村社精英激励和监督体制,适当发挥集体经济的作用,才能使传统村落发展走出财政压力过大、村社精英掠权等问题的困境,进而实现繁荣发展。

Traditional villages in ethnic minority areas are important cultural heritage,with cultural,historical,economic,social and ecological values,which help comprehensively promote rural revitalization and strengthen the sense of community of the Chinese nation.However,there are still many problems in the development of traditional villages,such as aging and hollow-out,insufficient protection and over-development,natural damage,and insufficient attention to cognitive bias.Based on this,this study selects Mangjing Village as a case,adopts the research method combining fieldwork and grounded theory,conducts in-depth analysis,conclusion and sorting of the collected data,and concludes that this village is a multi-subject interaction model dominated by the local government,driven by elites,coordinated by the community,and actively participated by the market.Therefore,this paper puts forward that only by adhering to the government leading,improving the incentive and supervision system of village community elites,and properly playing the role of collective economy,can the development of traditional villages get out of the dilemma of excessive financial pressure and the plunder of village community elites,and then achieve prosperity and development.