北美劳动年龄人口老龄化现状及政策研究

Research on aging population of working age in North America: Current situation and policies

尽管经济和社会在不断进步,老龄化进程的加速对我国的社会、经济等各方面带来了广泛的影响,尤其对我国劳动年龄人口的供给造成了冲击,劳动力老龄化已成为我国经济社会发展的紧迫挑战。北美国家,尤其是美国,同样面临严峻的人口老龄化问题,且比中国更早进入老龄化社会。这些国家通过积极的移民政策成功缓解了劳动力供给短缺问题,同时采取弹性退休、老年人再就业和职业培训政策,有效促进了老年职工留在工作岗位。此外,北美大企业的职业健康计划也为企业的健康投资带来了积极回报。基于对北美劳动年龄人口老龄化现状及相应应对措施的介绍,本文提出了建设性的建议,以缓解我国劳动年龄人口老龄化问题。

Although there are continuous progresses in economy and society,the accelerated aging process has brought widespread impacts on various aspects of society and economy in China,especially on the supply of the working-age population.Effectively addressing labor force aging has become an urgent challenge for China's economic and social development.North American countries,particularly the United States and Canada,are also facing severe aging population issues,and have entered an aging society earlier than China.These countries have alleviated labor supply shortages through proactive immigration policies,while implementing flexible retirement,reemployment of elderly individuals,and vocational training policies to effectively encourage elderly workers to remain in their jobs.Additionally,the occupational health programs of large enterprises in North America have yielded positive returns on their health investments.Building upon an overview of the current situation and corresponding measures in response to the aging working-age population in North America,this paper presented constructive recommendations to address the aging population issue in China.