食源性纳米材料与结直肠癌发病风险的探讨

Potential risk of colorectal cancer associated with foodborne nanomaterials

结直肠癌是全球高发恶性肿瘤疾病,且其发病率随着西方化饮食习惯的流行而持续升高。随着纳米技术的迅速发展,纳米材料被广泛应用于食品领域,人们无可避免地会通过日常膳食摄入纳米颗粒。不少研究表明经口暴露纳米材料可能会引发或加剧炎症性肠病等胃肠道疾病,甚至阻碍其恢复,而炎症性肠病往往又是结直肠癌发生发展中重要的一个环节。随着结肠炎持续的时间延长,患结直肠癌的风险增加;结肠炎累及的结肠表面越多,患结直肠癌的风险越高。为了进一步认识食源性纳米材料对结直肠癌发生发展的生物学作用,本文综述了常见纳米材料在食品及食品工业中的应用,介绍了结直肠癌的常见发病机制,并基于食源性纳米材料在诱导肠道慢性炎症和菌群紊乱中发挥的作用,探讨了食源性纳米材料对结直肠癌发生发展的潜在影响,同时对未来流行病学及毒理学方面的相关研究进行了展望,以期为全面评估食品中纳米材料的安全性和指导结直肠癌患者的健康饮食提供参考依据。

Colorectal cancer is a globally prevalent malignant tumor,and its incidence continues to rise along with the popularity of Westernized dietary habits.With the rapid development of nanotechnology,nanomaterials are widely applied in the food sector,inevitably leading to direct or indirect ingestion of nanoparticles through daily dietary intake.Numerous studies have indicated that oral exposure to nanomaterials may trigger or exacerbate gastrointestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease,and even hinder their recovery,which is considered as a crucial step in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer.Longer duration of colitis may elevate the risk of developing colorectal cancer;more extensive colonic surface affected by colitis may elevate the risk of developing colorectal cancer too.In order to further understand the biological effects of foodborne nanomaterials on the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer,this paper reviewed common applications of nanomaterials in food and food industry,introduced common pathogenic mechanisms of colorectal cancer,and explored the potential impact of foodborne nanomaterials on the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer based on their roles in inducing chronic intestinal inflammation and dysbiosis.Furthermore,it discussed future epidemiological and toxicological research prospects,aiming to provide reference for a comprehensive evaluation of the safety of nanomaterials in food and guidance of healthy diet for colorectal cancer patients.