86份花生种质资源主要表型性状的鉴评及分析

Evaluation and Analysis of the Main Phenotypic Traits of 86 Peanut Germplasm Resources

为探究花生种质资源的多样性,深度挖掘花生优异种质的应用潜力,采用变异系数、Shannon多样性指数、相关分析、主成分分析与聚类分析方法对86份花生种质资源的22个农艺性状进行鉴定及遗传多样性分析。结果表明,花生种质资源遗传多样性丰富,12个质量性状的多样性指数为0.15~1.08,10个数量性状的变异系数为1.71%~29.25%,各表型性状间具有遗传相关性。以欧氏距离为遗传距离进行聚类分析,可将86份花生种质资源聚为四大类群,其中第Ⅳ类群具有种子休眠性强、抗涝性强、生育期短、荚果产量高、抗锈病等特性,可作为高产花生的优良亲本。主成分分析提取前8个主成分,其成分累计贡献率达到69.382%,按照主成分中信息载量筛选出生育期、百果质量、百仁质量、出米率、主茎高、第一侧枝长可以作为花生种质资源评价的主要指标。花生种质资源的综合得分(F值)为-1.05~0.89,筛选出综合得分(F值)>0.7的优异花生种质资源材料5份,分别为201610、濮花82号、201710、丰顺9616、冀农花33号。

In order to study the diversity of peanut germplasm resources and explore the application potential of excellent peanut germplasm resources,the coefficient of variation,Shannon diversity index,correlation analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used to identify 22 agronomic traits and analyze genetic diversity of 86 peanut germplasm resources.The results showed that the genetic diversity of peanut germplasm resources was rich,with the diversity index of 12 quality traits ranging from 0.15 to 1.08 and the coefficient of variation of 10 quantitative traits ranging from 1.71%to 29.25%,and there was genetic correlation among the phenotypic characters.Using Euclidean distance as genetic distance,86 peanut germplasm resources could be grouped into four groups.Among them groupⅣhad the characteristics of strong seed dormancy,strong waterlogging resistance,short growth period,high pod yield,and rust resistance,etc.,which could be used as excellent parents of high‑yield peanut.The cumulative contribution rate of the first eight principal components was 69.382%.According to the information load in the principal component,growth period,100‑pod weight,100‑seed weight,kernel percent,main stem height,length of the 1st lateral branch could be used as the main evaluation index of peanut germplasm resources.The comprehensive score(F value)of peanut germplasm resources ranged from−1.05 to 0.89.Based on the sorting of comprehensive scores,five excellent peanut germplasm resource materials with F value>0.7 were selected,namely 201610,Puhua 82,201710,Fengshun 9616 and Jinonghua 33.