芒福德人文城市思想的理论渊源、构成要素及其当代启示

The Theoretical Origin,Constituent Elements and Contemporary Enlightenment of Mumford's Humanistic Urban Thought

芒福德重新追溯人类文明的起源,从大脑开发和身心需求,到丰富的理念和精神世界,再到整个生命有机体的运行,进而提出“城市是人类内心精神世界的外部塑造”这一观点,在格迪斯和霍华德等前人的思想基础上,形成了芒福德人文城市思想。他所建构的人文城市要素包括完备的城市功能、具有整体观的区域协调规划以及符合深层人性的“城市家园”。芒福德强烈呼唤城市需要重视人文精神,关注文化建设,并警惕城市发展的诸多误区,指出只有充分尊重城市中“人”这一生命有机体,寻求人与自然的平衡发展,才能保证城市持续发展的不竭动力。芒福德的人文城市思想为城市发展提供了方向指导,对当前城市建设具有现实启发意义。

Mumford traced back to the origin of human civilization,from the development of the brain as well as the physical and mental needs,to the rich ideas and spiritual world,and then to the operation of the whole living organism,and then put forward the view that"the city is the external shaping of the inner spiritual world of human beings".On the basis of the thoughts of Geddes and Howard,Mumford's humanistic urban thought was formed.The humanistic city elements he constructed include complete urban functions,regional coordinated planning with a holistic view and"urban homeland"in line with deep human nature.Mumford strongly called for a city attaching importance to humanistic spirit,paying attention to cultural construction,and guarding against many misunderstandings in urban development,and he pointed out that only by fully respecting the"human"as a living organism in the city and seeking the balanced development of human and nature,can we ensure the inexhaustible power of urban sustainable development.Mumford's humanistic urban thought provides directive guidance for urban development and is of practical significance to the current urban construction.