新结构经济学视角下专精特新“小巨人”企业的集聚与培育

The Gathering and Cultivation of New Specialized"Little Giant"Enterprises from the Perspective of New Structural Economics

大力发展专精特新“小巨人”企业是培育新质生产力,增强产业链韧性的重要内容。文章从新结构经济学视角对“小巨人”企业的集聚特征进行梳理分析并提出相应政策建议。主要发现与建议如下:(1)在空间层面,“小巨人”企业多集聚在东部地区,尤其是直辖市和副省级城市,但并非只受GDP指标影响;(2)在行业层面,“小巨人”企业主要集聚在制造业、科学研究和技术服务业、批发和零售业以及信息传输、软件和信息技术服务业这四个门类,而且多集聚在对国民经济强辐射弱制约的部门,具有较强的产业链拉动效应;(3)“小巨人”企业在不同省份呈现不同的集聚规律,主要取决于当地的禀赋条件和产业特色。因此,符合当地禀赋结构所决定的比较优势,再配以有效市场和有为政府的有机结合,才能更好地培育更多的专精特新“小巨人”企业。

Actively fostering new specialized"little giant"enterprises plays an important role in cultivating new-quality productivity and strengthening the toughness of the industrial chains.This paper analyzes the agglomeration characteristics of the"little giant"enterprises from the perspective of new structural economics and puts forward corresponding policy suggestions.The key findings and suggestions are as follows:(1)At the spatial level,"little giant"enterprises are mostly clustered in the eastern region,especially in municipalities directly under central government administration and sub-provincial cities,but they are not only affected by GDP indicators;(2)At the industry level,"little giant"enterprises are mainly concentrated in the manufacturing sector,scientific research and technical services,wholesale and retail,information transmission,software and information technology services,and most of them have a strong radiation effect across the national economy,with minimal constraints,and a significant capacity to drive the industrial chain;(3)The clustering patterns of"little giant"enterprises differ across provinces,mainly depending on local endowments and industrial characteristics.Therefore,to encourage the growth of more specialized“little giant”enterprises,it is essential to leverage the comparative advantages shaped by local resources and foster a synergy between efficient markets and proactive government support.