共有数据隐私保护的对象明定、规制需求与理论落实

The Explicit Identification of Shared Data Privacy Protection Targets,Regulatory Needs,and Theoretical Implementation

共有数据是数据时代,特别是大数据时代中一种重要且特殊的数据形态。共有数据权利主体复数化增进了数据共享的可能,但同时也带来了隐私保护的难题。相较于传统所有权控制下的数据,共有数据因其多元主体、多元权益、多重维度的本质,呈现出多元化的特征。共有数据隐私保护的核心问题可总结为人身价值与财产价值之间的冲突、权利主张与共享要求之间的冲突,以及私益与公益之间的博弈。解决问题的核心工具是类型化和场景化理论,即以数据与隐私之间的关联性区分数据类型,并考虑获取、加工、交易等不同的数据流动场景,审慎地解释现行法并吸收实践经验,踏实推进共有数据隐私保护法律制度创新。

Shared data is an important but special form of data in the age of data,especially big data.The pluralization of the right subjects of shared data enhances the possibility of data sharing,however,at the same time poses the problem of privacy protection.Compared with data under traditional ownership control,shared data presents diverse characteristics due to its nature of multiple subjects,multiple rights and interests,and multiple dimensions.The core issues of privacy protection of shared data can be summarized as the conflict between personal value and property value,the conflict between rights claims and sharing requirements,and the game between private interest and public interest.The core tools to solve the problem are typology theory and scenario theory.That is to say,to differentiate data types based on the correlation between data and privacy,to consider different data flow scenarios,such as acquisition,processing and transaction,to interpret the existing law cautiously and to absorb practical experience,and to promote the innovation of the legal system for the protection of privacy of shared data in a practical manner.