转基因玉米对田间节肢动物生物多样性及虫害发生的影响

Effects of transgenic maize on arthropod biodiversity and insect pest occurrence in the field

【目的】明确转基因抗虫(cry1Ab)耐除草剂(epsps)玉米DBN9936对田间节肢动物生物多样性及虫害发生的影响,为转基因作物的生物安全提供数据支持。【方法】在田间隔离条件下,采用直接观察法对田间节肢动物种类和数量进行统计,采用剖杆法调查钻蛀类害虫的危害情况。分析比较转基因玉米宏硕1799转化体和远科105转化体及其非转基因玉米受体品种、非转基因玉米栽培品种先玉335的田间节肢动物功能群、丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀性指数、优势集中性指数等相关参数。【结果】1)转基因玉米与非转基因玉米受体品种的田间节肢动物丰富度指数、多样性指数、均匀度指数、优势集中性指数随时间变化趋势基本一致;2)转基因玉米的叶片平均受害率、茎秆平均受害率和穗尖平均受害率均低于非转基因玉米;3)转基因玉米与喷施杀虫剂的非转基因玉米上玉米螟、棉铃虫和黏虫等鳞翅目害虫的危害程度均较非转基因玉米有不同程度的降低。【结论】与非转基因对照玉米相比,受试转基因玉米有降低鳞翅目靶标害虫发生的趋势,且对田间节肢动物生物多样性无明显影响。

【Aim】The effects of transgenic maize DBN9936 with the traits of insect-resistant(cry1Ab)and glyphosate-tolerant(epsps)on arthropod biodiversity and pest occurrence in the field were assessed,which would support the biosafety evaluation of transgenic crops.【Method】In isolated fields,the arthropod species and their numbers were identified and counted by direct observation.The number and harm caused by drill borer pests were investigated after slitting the stalks lengthwise when the corn was harvested.The parameters of arthropod function group,richness index,Shannon-Wiener diversity index,Pielou evenness index,and dominant concentration index of arthropods in genetically modified maize Hongshuo1799 and Yuanke105,non-transgenic recipient varieties,and regular maize cultivar Xianyu335 were analyzed and compared.【Result】1)Although there were a few differences,the dynamic trends of the arthropod richness index,diversity index,evenness index,and dominant concentration index of transgenic maize and non-transgenic control varieties were similar during the growth season.2)The average damage rate of leaves,stems,and ears of transgenic maize was lower than that of non-transgenic maize,according to the valuation and analyses.3)The damage of transgenic and non-transgenic maize with insecticide treatment made by lepidopteran pests,such as the corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis,the cotton bollworm Mythimna separate,and the oriental armyworm Hrelicoverpa armigera,was reduced.【Conclusion】Compared with their non-transgenic counterparts,the transgenic maize Hongshuo1799 and Yuanke105 could reduce the occurrence trend of lepidopteran target pests and had no significant negative effects on arthropod biodiversity in the field.