海绵城市建设中老城区雨污分流改造技术

Rainwater and Sewage Diversion Transformation Technology in the Construction of Sponge Cities in Old Urban Areas

针对我国众多老城区基础设施老化、功能衰退的普遍现象,其排水系统常出现的淤堵、破损与混接问题已引发严重环境挑战,如局部内涝、水体污染及黑臭水体等。为解决这些问题,急需开拓思想,推进雨污管网的全面更新与分流改造,以构建高效、环保的城市水环境,从而有效应对老城区的环境挑战,并推动城市的可持续发展。本文融合了海绵城市的核心理念与老旧小区改造的实际状况,提出在老旧小区实施海绵化改造时,应首先分析现存的核心问题,并致力于消除易积水区域、控制各类污染源、提升小区整体环境品质。通过采取源头低影响开发策略,强化雨水的自然渗透、蓄积与净化功能。据测算,改造后的年径流总量控制率可提升至65%,面源污染削减率可达到56%(以SS为指标),从而有效减轻市政排水系统的压力,实现错峰减洪,最终达到雨污有效分流的目标。

In response to the common phenomenon of aging infrastructure and functional decline in many old urban areas in China,the frequent problems of blockage,damage,and mixing in their drainage systems have caused serious environmental challenges,such as local waterlogging,water pollution,and black and odorous water bodies.To solve these problems,it is urgent to broaden our thinking and promote the comprehensive renewal and diversion transformation of the rainwater and sewage pipeline network,in order to build an efficient and environmentally friendly urban water environment,effectively respond to the environmental challenges of the old urban areas,and promote the sustainable development of the city.This article combines the core concept of sponge cities with the actual situation of renovating old residential areas.It proposes that when implementing sponge transformation in old residential areas,the existing core problems should be analyzed first,and efforts should be made to eliminate water prone areas,control various pollution sources,and improve the overall environmental quality of the community.By adopting a low impact development strategy at the source,the natural infiltration,accumulation,and purification functions of rainwater are strengthened.According to calculations,the annual runoff control rate after renovation can be increased to 65%,and the reduction rate of non-point source pollution can reach 56%(based on SS as the indicator),effectively reducing the pressure on the municipal drainage system,achieving staggered flood reduction,and ultimately achieving the goal of effective separation of rainwater and sewage.