《理想国》中政治哲学的正义论谱系演变

The Evolution of the Justice Theory in the Political Philosophy of The Republic

柏拉图试图在《理想国》中提出一种一以贯之的全面正义论,但现代哲学研究表明其努力并不成功,其最少有二重或以上的正义维度。当代的正义论探讨在各种层面上发展了这种理论,罗尔斯与波普尔站在自由主义的立场,试图在实践上回避理念正义,而宣扬一种多元主义的实践态度;布鲁姆则试图复苏自柏拉图以来的一元论哲学,以引领人们走出现代洞穴困境。尽管他们的立场迥异,但都不愿意再践行一种绝对的正义态度,正义是不可定义的。《理想国》被作为精神遗产,仍将继续发挥理念的引导作用。

Plato attempted to propose a comprehensive and consistent justice theory in The Republic,but modern philosophical research suggests that his efforts were not entirely successful,revealing at least two or more dimensions of justice.Contemporary theories of justice have developed this notion on various levels,with Raws and Popper from a liberal perspective attempting to avoid ideal justice in practice whereas advocating for a pluralistic practical stance;Bloom,on the other hand,tries to revive the monistic philosophy since Plato,aiming to lead people out of the modern cave dilemma.Despite their divergent stances,they are all reluctant to practice an absolute attitude towards justice,as justice is indefinable.The Republic,as a spiritual legacy,has been playing its guiding role.