基于分时电碳耦合定价的虚拟电厂主从博弈策略

Research on Stackelberg game strategy for virtual power plant consideringtime-of-use electricity and carbon coupled price

虚拟电厂(virtual power plant, VPP)参与电碳双重市场场景时涉及聚合服务多种用户主体,如何利用价格机制将电碳市场成本合理传递至各类用户主体,并引导用户优化其运行策略是虚拟电厂运营关键。为此,文章提出了以分时电碳耦合定价为核心的虚拟电厂主从博弈决策模型。从物理和交易维度构建了虚拟电厂运行架构,并设计了基于曲线特征的分时电碳耦合价格模型。以运营商为领导者,各用户主体为追随者,建立了一主多从的虚拟电厂双层博弈模型:上层运营商以最大化自身收益为目标,调整发电设备运行状态并与电碳市场交互,迭代决策分时电碳价格并下发给下层;下层各用户主体以运行成本最小为优化目标,响应上层的分时电碳耦合价格,调整自身运行策略并向上层反馈购能量。通过设置多个情景进行仿真分析,结果显示,考虑分时电碳耦合定价机制的虚拟电厂运营商收益相对原始场景提高了11.69%。进一步的敏感度分析表明,碳交易价格由0.1元/kg提升至0.32元/kg时,VPP碳排量降低了32.2%并趋于饱和。

When virtual power plants participate in both electricity and carbon markets,they involve aggregating services for multiple user entities.The key to operating a virtual power plant lies in how to use pricing mechanisms to reasonably pass on the costs of electricity and carbon markets to various user entities and guide them to optimize their operational strategies.To this end,this paper proposes a Stackelberg game decision model for virtual power plants considering time-of-use electricity-carbon coupled pricing as the core.A virtual power plant operation framework is constructed from the physical and trading dimensions,and a time-sharing electricity-carbon coupled price model based on curve characteristics is designed.With the operator as the leader and each user entity as the follower,a one-leader,multi-follower two-layer game model for virtual power plants is established.The upper-level aims to maximize revenue,adjusting equipment and interacting with markets to iteratively decide the time-sharing electricity-carbon prices for the lower level.The lower level aims to minimize costs,responding to these prices,adjusting strategies,and feeding back energy purchases to the upper level.Simulations across various scenarios reveal a 11.69%revenue increase for virtual power plants using a time-based electricity and carbon pricing model.Sensitivity analysis shows a 32.2%reduction in VPP carbon emissions when carbon prices rise from 0.1 to 0.32 yuan/kg,approaching a saturation point.