“最胜在栖霞”:晚明以降南京栖霞山的文人文化

The Splendor of Qixia:Literati Culture of Qixia Mountain since the Late Ming Dynasty

栖霞山是南京重要的自然与人文名胜,而文人文化则在晚明以降栖霞景观建构的过程中发挥了重要作用。首先,以盛时泰为代表的文士阶层着力发掘栖霞山中的文化资源,并在与僧众交游的过程中对景观文化内涵加以丰富;其次,晚明以降文士依照栖霞景观的独特地理风貌和历史底蕴,开发了夜游、雨游、探碑等旅行手段,形塑了景观的文化特质;再次,晚明以降文士积极参与栖霞景观志书的写作,对志书的体例、内容相互发明,形成了栖霞景观历史记忆的独到呈现方式。晚明以降围绕栖霞山的文人文化与名胜景观的互构,是明清时代金陵胜景文化不断丰富的典范体现。

Qixia Mountain is a significant natural and cultural attraction in Nanjing,and the literati culture has played a crucial role in the construction of the landscape since the late Ming Dynasty.To begin with,literati,represented by Sheng Shitai,endeavored to explore the cultural resources in Qixia Mountain and enrich the landscape's cultural connotations during their interactions with the Buddhist monks.Secondly,since the late Ming,literati had developed various ways of exploring the landscape,such as night excursions,rain tours,and stone tablet examinations,shaping the cultural traits of Qixia.Furthermore,the late-Ming literati proactively engaged in the historical writings of Qixia,particularly the landscape gazetteer,forming a distinctive way of representing the historical memory of Qixia.The mutual construction between literati culture and scenic landscape of Qixia Mountain is a manifestation of the continuous enrichment of landscape culture in Ming-Qing Nangjing.