《神农本草经》与经方应用之阿胶篇

Application of Ejiao(Asini Corii Colla)in Shennong’s Classic of Materia Medica and Classic Formulas

阿胶在《神农本草经》中记载为上品,其“味甘,平”,功效为“主治心腹内崩,劳极洒洒如疟状,腰腹痛,四肢酸疼,女子下血,安胎”。以《神农本草经》功效为纲,将阿胶类经方归类分析,发现阿胶主“心腹内崩”,多配伍灶心土、生地黄、附子,以黄土汤为代表方;主“劳极洒洒如疟状”,常配伍炙甘草、生地黄、桂枝,如炙甘草汤;主“腰腹痛,四肢酸疼”,多配伍当归、桂枝、芍药,代表方如当归建中汤;主“女子下血,安胎”则配伍艾叶、当归、芍药,如芎归胶艾汤。除《神农本草经》所载功效外,张仲景运用阿胶经方还有新的发展,如阿胶配伍黄连、芍药以治不寐,阿胶配猪苓、茯苓以治小便不利,阿胶配黄柏、白头翁以治下利等。《神农本草经》论述了阿胶的功效但未见方证,本文将其功效与《伤寒杂病论》方证相互对勘,对经典再一次探索和求新。

Ejiao(Asini Corii Colla),sweet in flavor and neutral in property,is recorded as the top grade in the Shennong’s Classic of Materia Medica.It is mainly used to“treat diseases in the heart and abdomen,uterine bleeding,disease due to overexertion like malaria,pain of the waist and abdomen,pain of the four limbs,vaginal bleeding during menstruation and threatened abortion.”According to the efficacy in the Shennong’s Classic of Materia Medica,the classic formulas containing Ejiao were classified and analyzed.It was found that Ejiao can be used to“treat diseases in the heart and abdomen”,mainly combined with Zaoxintu(Terra Flava Usta),Shengdihuang(Rehmannia Radix),Fuzi(Aconti Lateralis Radix Praeparaia),represented by Huangtu Decoction(黄土汤).It can be used to“treat disease due to overexertion like malaria”,mainly combined with Zhigancao(Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma Praeparata Cum Melle),Shengdihuang,Guizhi(Cinnamomi Ramulus),represented by Zhigancao Decoction(炙甘草汤).It can be used to“treat pain of the waist and abdomen,pain of the four limbs”,mainly combined with Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix),Guizhi,Shaoyao(Paeoniae Radix Alba),represented by Danggui Jianzhong Decoction(当归建中汤).It can be used to“treat vaginal bleeding during menstruation and threatened abortion”,mainly combined with Aiye(Artemisia Argyi Folium),Danggui,Shaoyao,represented by Xionggui Jiaoai Decoction(芎归胶艾汤).In addition to the efficacy contained in Shennong’s Classic of Materia Medica,ZHANG Zhongjing made new development in the application of classic formulas containing Ejiao.Combined with Huanglian(Coptidis Rhizoma)and Shaoyao,Ejiao can treat insomnia.Combined with Zhuling(Polyporus)and Fuling(Poria),Ejiao can treat difficult urination.Combined with Huangbo(Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex)and Baitouweng(Pulsatillae Radix),Ejiao can treat diarrhea.There is no formulas containing Ejiao in the Shennong’s Classic of Materia Medica.In this paper,we comparatively analyzed the efficacy of Ejiao and formulas containing Ejiao in the Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases to explore and innovate the classics.