河南省粮食主产区耕地生态安全时空格局变化及其驱动因素

Spatiotemporal variation in ecological security of cropped lands and its determinants in key crop production areas in Henan Province

【目的】揭示河南省粮食主产区耕地生态安全时空格局变化及其驱动因素。【方法】以河南省耕地为研究对象,运用“压力-状态-响应”(PSR)模型、综合指数法、阻力诊断模型,选取15个关键指标,对河南省粮食主产区2007、2012、2017、2022年耕地生态安全时空格局的演变特征及驱动因子进行研究。【结果】2007—2022年河南省粮食主产区耕地生态安全水平呈先下降后上升的变化特征,高安全等级和低安全等级的数量都以相对较高的速度变化,生态安全综合指数由2007年的0.342上升到2022年的0.435。河南省各市耕地生态安全空间分布格局差异显著,敏感级别主要分布在河南省中部,一般安全级别和比较安全级别分布在河南省东部,风险级别分布靠近边缘区域。影响河南省粮食主产区耕地生态安全时空格局的主要阻力因子为单位耕地面积化肥施用量(26.1%)、人均耕地面积(18.69%)、人均水资源量(18.45%)。【结论】2007—2022年河南省耕地生态安全时空格局发生了显著变化,耕地生态安全总体处于一般安全级。提高农业资源效率,减少化肥和农药施用量,确保农田生态与粮食安全之间的长期良性互动,对优化河南省耕地生态安全格局至关重要。研究结果可为优化河南省粮食主产区耕地生态安全格局,保障国家粮食安全提供决策依据。

【Objective】Ensuring the ecological security of cropped lands is a prerequisite for developing sustainable agriculture and safeguarding food security,which is influenced by various factors.In this paper,we analyse the spatiotemporal variation in ecological security of cultivated lands and its determinants in key agricultural production regions in Henan Province.【Method】The analysis was based on the pressure-state-response(PSR)model,comprehensive index approach,and resistance diagnosis model.In the analysis,we considered fifteen indicators to assess the changes in ecological security from 2007 to 2022 across the province.【Result】①From 2007 to 2022,the ecological security of cultivated lands in the province initially declined before recovering,with the composite index increasing from 0.342 in 2007 to 0.435 in 2022.②The ecological security of cropped lands varied significantly across the province,with heightened sensitivity in the central areas,general and comparative security in the eastern regions,and high sensitivity in remote areas.③Key factors affecting the ecological security of cropped land in the province included fertilizer application per unit area(26.1%),cultivated land per capita(18.69%),and per capita water resources(18.45%).【Conclusion】From 2007 to 2022,the ecological security of the cultivated lands in Henan Province has substantially shifted.The overall ecological security of the cropped land in the province is at a moderate level,underscoring the need to improve agricultural resource use efficiency,reduce fertilizer and pesticide application,and foster sustainable interactions between terrestrial ecosystems and food security.Priorities in improving ecological security of the agroecosystems in the province include optimizing fertilizer application and preserving cultivated lands.These findings provide baseline for developing sustainable land management to safeguard food security in the major agricultural production regions in Henan Province.