基于公众认知的上海城市荒野景观偏好研究

Research on Preferences for Urban Wilderness Landscape in Shanghai Based on Public Cognition

【目的】分析上海城市居民对城市荒野的认知与景观偏好情况,探究荒野景观构成的积极因素与消极因素,为上海荒野景观的保护与发展提供参考和建议。【方法】结合公众参与式地理信息系统(public participation geographic information system,PPGIS)和问卷调研,获取受访者人口统计学特征与景观偏好、价值认知、空间定位等数据信息,利用相关性分析和核密度分析等方法对采集到的数据进行分析比较。【结果】1)公众对城市荒野概念的了解程度较低,但接受程度较高,并对城市中实际的荒野分布有大概的认知。2)公众对城市荒野景观感知偏中立态度,不同自然与人工要素会对公众偏好产生影响。3)公众居住与活动范围可能会对城市荒野接受度产生影响。【结论】应优先对公众认知程度较高和交通便利的荒野区域进行转型更新,综合考量场地内自然与人工要素,分析不同人群的活动需求,保障场地可达性、可视性,使城市荒野景观成为城市生态景观的一部分,为城市荒野景观建设提供参考。

[Objective]In the face of urban landscape habitat fragmentation and ecological deterioration under the background of high-speed urbanization,more and more urban residents are in urgent need of contact with more diversified and enriched natural elements and open spaces,so as to improve the quality of living environment and safeguard their physical and mental health.As one type of green space connecting cities,human and nature,urban wilderness landscape has its unique ecological function,aesthetic significance and economic value,and has broad research prospects.This research analyzes the value cognition and landscape preference of Shanghai residents for urban wilderness,explores the positive and negative perception effects of different landscape elements that constitute the wilderness landscape,and provides more targeted and localized references and suggestions for the construction and development of ecological landscape in Shanghai.[Methods]This research obtains landscape pictures of different kinds of sample plots through field visit,and designs Likert scale and other forms of questionnaires to collect data.The questionnaire survey is conducted simultaneously online and offline in combination with the public participation geographic information system(PPGIS),a self-developed WeChat mini program,which makes it more effective and convenient to collect information about the respondents’demographic characteristics,landscape preferences,value cognition,spatial geographic positioning,etc.The collected data are further organized,compared and mapped using spatial analysis methods such as SPSS correlation analysis and ArcGIS kernel density.[Results]1)Most of the respondents have a low level of understanding of“urban wilderness”,but a high level of cognition and acceptance thereof.2)Different groups of respondents have different preferences and concerns about wilderness landscape sites,but the public’s aesthetic preference for wilderness landscapes is generally neutral.Different natural landscape elements and artificial landscape elements in wilderness landscape sites,such as water bodies,plants,hardscapes,and facilities,have an impact on the public’s preference.3)Respondents also have an approximate knowledge of the distribution of actual wilderness areas within Shanghai.Survey statistics show that,the distribution of wilderness sites familiar to the public is mainly concentrated in Minhang District,Qingpu District and the area outside the suburban ring.The openness and development of wilderness space may affect the cognitive impression of urban residents.4)Respondents’cognition of the distribution of wilderness landscapes is affected by the scope of activities,with the scope of daily recreation being highly overlapped with wilderness space.Some parks and green spaces with near-natural design are also regarded as wilderness sites and are widely praised.5)Respondents’acceptance of wilderness landscapes has a certain correlation with the urbanization level of the area they live in,for which there is typically a threshold value.Wilderness resources with high quality or convenient location generally have higher potential development value and are more likely to be accepted by the public.[Conclusion]1)Priority should be given to the renewal and transformation of wilderness space with a high degree of public cognition and convenient transportation,and the design and development of high-quality wilderness resources should be carried out by taking advantage of corresponding wilderness sites,such as well-designed country parks,or unused green spaces near residential areas.2)When designing and optimizing specific urban wilderness landscapes,attention should be paid to the activity needs and recreational preferences of different groups of people,and relevant artificial landscape elements should be designed to enhance the interest and attractiveness of corresponding landscape sites,with such artificial landscape elements including artistic interactive devices for photo taking,plant and animal observation points,rest facilities,etc.3)The maintenance and management of wilderness landscape entail paying more attention to water quality,garden paths and lines,as well as the natural growth of plants and the degree of wilderness,so as to ensure visibility and accessibility within a certain range while taking into account environmental wildness and safety.Zoning can be carried out to reduce human interference,and a sustainable nature-led ecological community can be constructed through the introduction of native species and pioneer plants.4)It is supposed to increase the popularization and publicity of“urban wilderness”,especially with regard to ecological values,and cooperate with residential areas nearby to organize recreational activities,etc.,so as to enhance the public’s connection with and understanding of the natural wilderness landscape,thus enabling the public to integrate into the natural wilderness landscape,which may help strengthen their sense of local identity and emotional connection.Based on this,the scope and influence of publicity can be expanded through the radiation effect of activities,and the concept of urban wilderness can be promoted to more urban residents.Designers and users are mutually reinforcing.A wider audience and demand for urban wilderness landscapes can,on the one hand,enrich the vitality and value of landscape,and on the other hand help designers and scholars in the field to better understand how wilderness landscapes are practically operated and optimized.