“印太战略”背景下拜登政府东南亚清洁能源外交

The Biden Administration’s Clean Energy Diplomacy in Southeast Asia in the Context of the“Indo-Pacific Strategy”

美国拜登政府上台以来将气候和清洁能源议题放在内政外交的首要位置,其清洁能源外交的地缘性转向明显,旨在从经济、技术、联盟和制度四个路径服务于其霸权护持的战略目的。东南亚在“印太”地区的地缘中心性决定其成为美国开展国际清洁能源合作并保障自身绿色竞争优势的关键区域。随着美国“印太战略”行动部署的不断加快,拜登政府不断升级对东南亚的清洁能源外交,构建了“四位一体”的清洁能源合作倡议体系:其合作方式以融资和技术支持为主,在执行策略上注重战略对接、平台推广与信息传播,并呈现出范围扩大和由虚转实的发展趋势。拜登政府推进东南亚清洁能源外交的霸权护持路径具体体现为:在经济维度上争夺东南亚清洁能源大市场并保障关键矿产供应,在技术维度上整合区域技术创新资源并塑造对美清洁能源技术依赖,在联盟维度上推进清洁能源“泛安全化”以引入域外盟友力量,在制度维度上提升区域清洁能源合作的制度化水平并嵌入西方规则标准与价值规范。美国的东南亚清洁能源外交不仅受到国内政治力量掣肘和战略投放能力的限制,而且其与“印太战略”联动的诉求也与东盟能源战略自主之间存在张力,与区域清洁能源善治秩序的塑造背道而驰。

Ever since its inauguration,the Biden administration has placed climate and clean energy at the forefront of both domestic and foreign affairs.Aiming to serve its hegemonic strategy through four paths:economy,technology,alliance,and system,the Biden administration has taken a clear geopolitical turn in its clean energy diplomacy.The central geostrategic position of Southeast Asia within the“Indo-Pacific”region makes it a crucial arena for the United States to engage in international clean energy cooperation,thereby safeguarding its competitive edge in the green economy.With the acceleration of the“Indo-Pacific strategy,”the Biden administration has been stepping up its clean energy diplomatic efforts in Southeast Asia.It has formulated a“Four-in-One”framework for clean energy cooperation,emphasizing cooperation in financing and technical support.The implementation strategy focuses on strategic docking,platform promotion,and information dissemination,and is showing a trend of expanding the scope and transforming the promises into practice.The strategic objectives of the Biden administration’s hegemonic clean energy diplomacy approach in Southeast Asia can be understood across four key dimensions.Economically,it aims to compete for the large clean energy market in Southeast Asia and ensure the supply of key minerals.Technically,its purpose is to integrate regional technological innovation resources and shape the Southeast Asia’s dependence on the United States in the clean energy technology area.In terms of alliances,it tries to promote the“pansecuritization”of clean energy to introduce non-regional Allies.Last,with the aspect of institutional considerations,it intends to improve the institutional level of regional clean energy cooperation and embed Western rules,standards and normative values.Meanwhile,the implementation of United States’clean energy diplomacy in Southeast Asia will not be easy.It will not only be constrained by its domestic political forces and strategic investment capabilities but also by the contradictions between the Indo-Pacific strategy’s objectives and the ASEAN’s pursuit of energy autonomy.Moreover,it also runs counter to the establishment of a regional clean energy governance order that is equitable and sustainable.