民用爆炸物品安全管理发展历程及趋势

The development history and trends of safety management for civil explosives

民用爆炸物品在国民经济中具有“小行业、大作用”的突出特征,在国民经济建设中发挥着不可替代的作用,但其自身高风险性又决定了其在国家安全能力和水平现代化建设中具有极其重要的地位。通过回顾民用爆炸物品安全管理从建国初期粗放式、运动式管理逐步走上法制化、科学化、规范化、信息化的发展历程,将我国民用爆炸物品安全管理分为收缴管控及建章立制、法制化管理、标准化管理、信息化管理等4个阶段。选取美国、英国、日本等国家爆炸物品管理法规作为比较对象,阐述了国外爆炸物品管理特点,并指出了我国民用爆炸物品安全管理工作中存在的产品、制度等方面的主要问题,提出了完善的法律法规体系、产品技术体系、安全管理体系3个方面的发展趋势。

Civil explosives have the prominent feature of"small industry,big role"in the national economy,and play an irreplaceable role in the construction of the national economy.However,their high risk determines their extremely important position in the modernization of national security capabilities and levels.The development process of civil explosive safety management from extensive and sporty management in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China to legalization,scientize,standardization,and informatization is reviewed.Civil explosive safety management in China is divided into 4 stages:collection control and establishment of regulations,legalization management,standardization management,and informatization management.Selecting the management regulations of explosive materials in countries such as the United States,the United Kingdom,and Japan as comparative objects,the characteristics of explosive material management in foreign countries are expounded,and the main problems in product and system aspects are pointed out in the safety management of civilian explosive materials in China.The development trends of a sound legal and regulatory system,product technology system,and safety management system are proposed.