我国铁路隧道爆破技术现状及趋势

Development status and trends of railway tunnel blasting technology in China

我国铁路隧道建设数量多、里程长,钻爆法以其独有的优越性成为隧道建设过程中最常用的方法,而爆破不仅是隧道开挖的第一道工序,也是钻爆法的核心。通过梳理总结铁路隧道爆破技术的发展历程,将隧道爆破技术的发展划分为起步、发展、缓滞和飞跃4个阶段;从钻孔设备、装药设备、地质信息获取、智能设计软件和爆破技术几个方面详细介绍了我国铁路隧道爆破技术发展现状,指出我国铁路隧道爆破已进入机械化施工的开端;同时也阐述了铁路隧道爆破将由机械化向智能化发展的趋势。

A large number and long mileage of railway tunnels are being constructed in China.The drilling and blasting technology has become the most commonly used method in the tunnel construction process due to its unique advantages.The blasting is not only the first stage of tunnel excavation,but also the core of the drilling and blasting technology.The development process of railway tunnel blasting technology was summarized,and it was divided it into 4 stages:starting stage,developing stage,stagnant stage,and leaping stage.A detailed introduction to the current development status of railway tunnel blasting technology in China was then provided,including drilling equipment,charging equipment,geological information acquisition,intelligent design software,and blasting technology.The railway tunnel blasting technology in China has entered the beginning of mechanized construction,and the trend of railway tunnel blasting from mechanization to intelligence was elaborated.