美国对华科技政策中的智库角色——基于话语制度主义的分析框架

Role of Think Tanks in U.S.Science and Technology Policy Towards China:Based on the Framework of Discursive Institutionalism

[研究目的]在当前中美战略竞争的背景下,美国智库在美国政府对华科技政策制定过程中扮演着重要的角色。以美国主流智库为研究对象,从微观视角分析和研判美国对华科技政策的大致走向。[研究方法]以话语制度主义为理论基础,使用文本分析法、内容分析法和批评性话语分析法,深入剖析美国六家主流智库在对华科技政策决策过程中的作用。[研究结论]美国智库以话语或观念与美国决策者进行“协作性对话”、与美国公众进行“沟通性对话”,分别致力于影响和形塑美国决策者对华科技政策和公众对中美科技竞争的认知,推动了美国国内对华科技政策的演变,进而牵动中美关系的结构性变迁。

[Research purpose]U.S.think tanks play an important role in U.S.science and technology policies towards China in the context of fierce competition between the two nations.Focalizing on the role of think tanks and analyzing the policy process of the United States towards China are helpful to grasp and predict the general trend of the future science and technology policy of the United States.[Research method]Based on the theory of discursive institutionalism,text analysis,content analysis and critical discourse analysis are utilized to dynamically analyze the role of six mainstream U.S.think tanks in the government's China-related science and technology decision-making process.[Research conclusion]U.S.think tanks influence the government's science and technology decisions in two ways,namely,the"coordinative discourse"with U.S.decision makers and the"communicative discourse"with the public through discourse or ideas,in order to influence and shape the policies of American policymakers and the cognition of the public,and then promote the change of policies toward China through collective actions,which will affect the structural and institutional relations of the two countries.