母婴依恋关系对幼儿期认知和行为发展作用的研究

Research on Maternal and Child Attachment Relationship and Its Effect on Cognitive and Behavioral Development of Early Childhood

目的 探讨母婴依恋关系对幼儿期认知和行为发展作用。方法 选取2020年2月—2022年7月本院健康档案中的母婴110例,采用陌生情境法(SSP)测定其母婴依恋类型,并评估母婴依恋类型对幼儿期认知和行为发展的作用。结果 在110例母婴中,B型(安全型)最多,占68.18%(75例),不安全母婴依恋类型从高到低依次为C型20.91%(23例)、A型7.27%(8例)、D型3.64%(4例)。婴儿气质类型、母亲敏感性以及母亲婚姻质量均能影响到母婴的依恋关系(P<0.05)。在认知发育水平上,安全型婴儿和不安全型婴儿相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在运动发育水平上,安全型婴儿和不安全型婴儿比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在幼儿的各个行为问题上,安全型幼儿和不安全型幼儿相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 母婴依恋关系与婴儿的特点、母亲的特点、婴儿的气质、母亲的敏感性、婚姻质量有关,且安全的母婴依恋关系能更好地促进儿童认知和行为的发展,而不安全的母婴依恋关系是可能造成幼儿认知、行为不良发展的原因。

Objective To explore types of maternal infant attachment relationships and effect on cognitive and behavioral development of early childhood.Methods The paper chose 110 mother infant pairs in health records of our hospital from February 2020 to July 2022,and determined mother infant attachment types with unfamiliar situation method(SSP).The effects of maternal and infant attachment types on cognitive and behavioral development in early childhood were evaluated.Results Among maternal infant attachment types,type B was the most common among 110 cases,accounting for 68.18%(75 cases).Among unsafe mother infant attachment types,from high to low,type C was 20.91%(23 cases),type A was 7.27%(8 cases),and type D was 3.64%(4 cases).In maternal maternal infant attachment relationship,infant temperament type,maternal sensitivity,and maternal marital quality could affect maternal infant attachment relationship,P<0.05.Comparison of cognitive development level of safe and unsafe infants showed P<0.05,and motor development level comparison showed P<0.05.Behavioral problems of safe and unsafe infants comparison showed P>0.05.Conclusion In maternal infant attachment relationship,maternal infant attachment relationship is related to characteristics of infant,characteristics of mother,temperament of infant,sensitivity of the mother and marital quality.Safe maternal infant attachment relationships can better promote cognitive and behavioral development of children,while unsafe maternal infant attachment relationships may be causes of poor cognitive and behavioral development of children.