经济法回应新质生产力发展的法理逻辑与制度优化

The Legal Logic of Economic Law in Response to the Development of New Quality Productive Forces

加快发展新质生产力是推动经济高质量发展的内在要求和重要着力点,已经成为国家战略层面的核心任务和重要社会共识,事关中国式现代化建设全局。依循党的二十届三中全会精神,新质生产力的发展亟须相关体制机制的健全,形成与新质生产力相适应的生产关系。新质生产力与经济法之间基于政府与市场的复杂关系呈现出耦合联系:一方面,新质生产力发展对生产关系的变革引领经济法从目标和机制层面向新质经济法方向优化;另一方面,经济法以最有利于实现社会整体利益的方式,从技术突破、要素配置、产业转型三个方面反作用于新质生产力发展。首先,技术突破需要经济法以激励型模式,通过财税与金融等制度工具的优化,弥补要素供给的市场机制之不足;其次,要素配置需要包容型经济法有效维护公平竞争的市场秩序,破除阻碍资本、数据、技术等关键要素优化配置的经济性垄断和行政性垄断因素;最后,产业转型依托于协调型经济法,通过优化产业结构法、产业规划法等具体制度,推动在产业结构与产业布局层面实现产业平衡发展。

Accelerating the development of new quality productive forces is the internal requirement and important focus for promoting high-quality economic development.It has become the core task and important social consensus at the national strategic level,and is related to the overall situation of Chinese modernization.According to the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China,the development of new quality productive forces urgently requires the relevant institutions and mechanisms to be compatible with the new quality productive forces.There is a complex relationship between new quality productive forces and economic law,which is based on the relationship between government and market.On the one hand,the development of new quality productive forces leads to the transformation of production relations,which in turn leads to the optimization of economic law from the perspective of objectives and mechanisms;On the other hand,economic law also reacts to the development of new quality productive forces in the most favorable way to achieve the overall interests of society from three aspects:Technological breakthroughs,allocation of factors,and industrial transformation.Firstly,technological breakthroughs require an incentive model in economic law,which optimizes institutional tools such as finance,taxation,to make up for the insufficiency of the allocation of factors in the market mechanisms;Secondly,factor allocation requires inclusive economic law to effectively maintain a fair competition market order,and to eliminate economic and administrative monopolies that hinder the optimal allocation of capital,data,and technology,etc.;Finally,industrial transformation relies on coordinated economic law,which optimizes specific institutional systems such as industrial structure law and industrial planning law to promote a balanced development of industries at the level of industrial structure and industrial layout.