股东失权制度研究

Research on the System of Shareholder Loss of Rights

《公司法(2023)》中引入了股东失权制度,既有利于完善我国的公司资本制度和公司股东瑕疵出资责任体系,也有利于保护公司各利益相关者的合法权益。股东失权制度的构建和完善须基于股东资格与股权的相对分离,遵循公司法的团体法属性,体现利益平衡理念,也应以合同解除规程及团体法思维的结合为基础。股东失权制度和股东除名制度是两种不同的制度,虽有竞合之处,但在适用上相对独立且互补,才能形成规制合力。股东失权制度的进一步完善,不仅需要通过司法解释扩张适用条件范围、完善失权流程设置以及明确失权后相应股权的处理程序内容,还需要对失权股东的法律责任予以体系化,明确失权股东以及相关利益主体的法律责任内容及责任方式,摒弃股东失权后其瑕疵出资责任当然豁免的错误观念。

The introduction of the shareholder disqualification system within the“Company Law(2023)”is conducive in refining corporate capital regime and the system of shareholders'liability for defective capital contributions in China.lt also serves to safeguard the legitimate interests of various stakeholders within a company.The development and refinement of the shareholder disqualification system must be based on the relative separation of shareholder status and equity,adhere to the legal attributes of the“collective”company law,and embody the concept of balanced interests.Furthermore,it should integrate the procedures for contract termination with collective law thinking.The shareholder disqualification system and the shareholder expulsion system,while distinct,have overlapping elements but are applied independently and complement each other,creating a synergistic regulatory effect,which further enhance the shareholder disqualification system.It is essential to expand the scope of applicable conditions through judicial interpretation,improve the procedures for disqualification,and clarify the handling of equity following disqualification,thereby perfecting the rules themselves.Additionally,it is imperative to systematize the ancillary legal liability system,specifying the legal responsibilities of disqualified shareholders and related stakeholders,to establish a clear institutional frame work.