刑事诉讼一审审理期限的迟延化反思与适时化调整

Reflection on the Delay and Timely Adjustment of the First Instance Trial Deadline in Criminal Procedure

我国一审程序中存在审理迟延现象,这会产生浪费司法资源、降低诉讼效率、妨碍实质真实的负面效应,其原因在于及时审判的理念缺失、期限的权利本位意识不足、延长类规则的审查制约机制不健全、法官绩效考核与司法资源分配失衡。为改善审理迟延情况,应当引入诉讼适时化理论,强调对审理期限相对妥当速度的调整和追求。在此基础上,确立期限不适时的反向识别标准,限制期限延长的适用条件和审批规定,构建审判迟延的程序制裁方式,从而实现对刑事审判进程的有效调控。此外,借助《刑事诉讼法》再修改契机,进一步明确集中审理原则、分离羁押期限与办案期限、探索期限的数字化调适预警机制、完善考核指标设置和司法职能分配,形成完备、系统、科学的审理期限制度。

The phenomenon of trial delay exists in China's first instance procedures,resulting in the waste of judicial resources,reduced litigation efficiency,and negative effects that hinder substantive truth.The reasons for this are the lack of the awareness of timely trial,insufficient awareness of the rights based on the time limits,inadequate review and restraint mechanisms for extension rules,and an imbalance between judge performance evaluation and judicial resource allocation.To improve the situation of trial delay,the theory of timely litigation should be introduced,emphasizing the adjustment and pursuit of a relatively appropriate speed for the trial period.On this basis,establish reverse identification standards for inappropriate deadlines,limit the conditions and approval regulations for extending deadlines,and construct procedural sanctions for delayed trials,in order to effectively regulate the criminal trial process.In addition,taking advantage of the opportunity of further amending the Criminal Procedure Law,it is suggested to further clarify the principle of centralized trial,the separation of detention and case handling periods,explore the digital adjustment and early warning mechanism of time limits,improve the setting of assessment indicators and the allocation of judicial functions,and form a complete,systematic,and scientific trial period limit.