不同水平男子跳高运动员跳深动作的生物力学特点研究

Study on the Biomechanical Characteristics of the Deep Jump of Male High Jumpers at Different Levels

本文主要采用文献资料法、专家访谈法、实验法和数理统计法,通过Kislter进行不同下落高度的跳深测试,深入剖析不同水平跳高运动员下肢跳深动作时的生物力学特征,为今后跳高运动员下肢力量水平的提高提供科学的理论指导。结果表明:(1)在60cm高度下落时,优秀组运动员足部落地阶段力峰值明显大于普通组(P<0.01),优秀组运动员在45cm和60cm下落高度时缓冲和蹬伸阶段所用的时间明显小于普通组(P<0.05);(2)优秀组跳深最佳下落高度范围为60cm~75cm,普通组跳深最佳下落高度范围为45cm~60cm。结论表明:(1)运动员着地阶段力峰值随下落高度的增加而增加,缓冲结束时刻力值是呈先增加后减小的趋势,缓冲结束时刻力值在最佳下落高度时最大;(2)优秀组在跳深动作足部着地阶段的时间更短,在最佳下落高度时缓冲阶段和蹬伸阶段时间优秀组所用时间均更短;(3)通过二次多项式回归分析预测最佳下落高度优秀组为0.663米,普通组为0.521米。

This paper mainly adopts the method of literature,expert interview,experiment and mathematical statis-tics to carry out the dive test of different falling heights through Kislter,in-depth analysis of the biomechanical characteristics of lower limb deep jump of athletes at different levels,and provide scientific theoretical guidance for the improvement of lower limb strength of athletes in the future.The results showed as follows:(1)at the height of 60cm,the peak force of the elite group was significantly greater than that of the ordinary group(P<0.01),and the time of the elite group was significantly smaller than that of the ordinary group at the height of 45cm and 60cm(P<0.05);(2)The best fall height of the excellent group is 60cm~75cm,and the best fall height of the ordinary group is 45cm~60cm.The results show that:(1)the peak value of the athletes force increases with the increase of the fall height during the landing stage,and the force value at the end of buffering first increases and then decreases,and the force value at the end of buffering reaches the maximum at the best fall height;(2)The time of the excellent group in the foot landing stage of the jump is shorter,and the time of the excellent group in the buffer stage and the push and stretch stage at the optimal fall height is shorter;(3)The optimal fall height predicted by quadratic polynomial regression analysis is 0.663 meters for the excellent group and 0.521 meters for the ordinary group.