《笠翁诗韵》韵类与十七世纪江淮官话

The Rhyme System of Liweng shiyun(《笠翁诗韵》)and Jianghuai Mandarin in the 17th Century

清代学者李渔所著韵书《笠翁诗韵》,共收录韵字7083个。通过对《笠翁诗韵》的韵类系联,并结合各韵类的自注、混注状况,共得到23个韵部、61个韵类。其中,舒声韵部有16个、计40个韵类;入声韵部有7个、计21个韵类。该书韵类的主要特点是:四等二分、喉牙音开口二等韵与三四等韵合流、舌尖元音产生、日母止摄字独立、果摄舌齿音字开合不分、部分韵摄发生开口化音变、流摄唇音字变入遇摄等。根据明清韵图、韵书的相关记载,结合江淮官话方言调查的描写,把明清时期江淮官话的韵类特征归纳为十二类。通过《笠翁诗韵》的韵类特点和江淮官话的韵类特征的对比,可以看出,《笠翁诗韵》反映的正是明末清初江淮官话的语音特征。

Liweng shiyun(《笠翁诗韵》)wrote by Qing dynasty scholar Li Yu(李渔)contains more than 7,083 rhymes.Through the rhyme class connection,it contains 23 rhyme departments,61 rhyme classes.The rhyme category of this book has some characteristics,such as four-grade dichotomy,the combination of two-grade and three-grade rhyme of guttural tooth sound,the generation of tip-of-tongue vowels,the independence of the Zhi She(止摄)of Ri(日)initial consonant,the opening and closing of the tongue-teeth phonetic characters in Guo She(果摄)were not distinct,some of She(摄)were changed into opening mouth pronunciation,and Liu She(流摄)of labial consonant merged into Yu She(遇摄),etc.As a result,the phonological features of Liweng shiyun(《笠翁诗韵》)reflect the phonetic features of Jianghuai Mandarin during the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.