基于情境认知的动名搭配若干问题思考

A Grounded-cognition Perspective to Issues Related to Verb-noun Collocation

从情境认知视角出发,以动名构式“刷N”的语义概念化分析为基点,对与动名搭配的相关问题进行深入探讨。就动名搭配的教学而言,实际情境中所涉及到的场景信息、社会文化背景知识等,对动名搭配语义概念化具有限制与约束作用,动名搭配的习得应充分考虑与其相关的情境因素。就动名搭配的性质而言,它可以统一归属为“认知”问题,亦即一种概念化问题。就动名搭配的统一性问题而言,它至少应遵循四条基本原则:语法规则与语义内容的统一、理据性与规约性的统一、普遍性与特异性的统一、横组合关系与纵聚合关系的统一。就动名搭配的语义建构而言,合成结构的语义凸显不仅取决于侧面决定体,而且取决于言者所植入的隐性情境信息;动词的语义增殖既源于构式的整体意义,也源于动词与名词的语义联结,还源于名词对动词语义凸显的次结构的阐释。

From the perspective of grounded-cognition,this paper takes the semantic conceptualization analysis of the verb-noun construction“shua(刷)N”as a starting point to explore issues related to verb-noun collocations.In the teaching of verb-noun collocations,contextual factors such as scene information and sociocultural background play a constraining role in the semantic conceptualization of these constructions.Thus,the acquisition of verb-noun collocations should fully account for relevant grounded factors.In terms of their nature,verb-noun collocations can be categorized as a“cognitive”issue,essentially a problem of conceptualization.To unify verb-noun collocations,four key principles must be adhered to:the integration of grammatical rules with semantic content,the balance of motivation and convention,the alignment of universality and specificity,and the coherence of syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations.In terms of the semantic construction of verb-noun collocations,the prominence of the composite structure’s meaning depends not only on the lateral determinant but also on the implicit grounded information embedded by the speaker.The semantic enrichment of the verb derives from the overall meaning of the construction,the semantic linkage between the verb and the noun,and the noun’s elaboration of the verb’s prominent substructures.