含动物语素双音词透明度分析及教学策略--以《现代汉语词典》中的“六畜”复合词为例

Transparency Analysis and Teaching Strategies of Two-syllable Words Containing Animal Morphemes--Taking“Liuchu(六畜)”Compound Words in Xiandai Hanyu Cidian(《现代汉语词典》)as an Example

动物在人类语言中扮演着重要角色,汉语中存在着大量含动物语素的双音复合词。以《现代汉语词典》含“六畜”语素的225个双音复合词为例,通过观测词语的语素共义与语素变义的关联,来考察语素义与整词义的关系,并以此为依据,对含动物语素双音词的语义透明度进行划分。动物语素双音复合词的语义透明度,可以划分为四个等级:完全透明、半透明、半隐晦和完全隐晦。在此基础上,提出具有针对性的教学策略:完全透明和半透明词语应使用语素教学法;半隐晦词语应讲解源域与目标域的映射机制,通过两域之间的相似性特点来帮助学生学习;完全隐晦词语应使用语块法教学。

Animals play an important role in human language,and there are a large number of bilabial compound words containing animal morphemes in Chinese.In this study,225 two-syllable compound words containing the morpheme“liuchu(六畜)”are taken as examples,and the relationship between morpheme common meaning and morpheme variable meaning is observed to examine the morpheme meaning and the whole word meaning,and to classify the semantic transparency on the basis of this.In this study,the semantic transparency of animal morphemic diphthongal compound words is divided into four levels completely transparent,semi-transparent,completely obscure and semi-obscure.According to the different semantic transparency of animal vocabulary,the following teaching strategies are proposed:fully transparent and semi-transparent vocabulary should be taught using the morpheme teaching method;semi-obscure vocabulary should be taught by explaining the mapping mechanism between the source domain and the target metaphor,which helps students to learn the vocabulary through the similarity characteristics between the two domains;fully obscure vocabulary should be taught using the chunking method.