不同行距配置对豫西谷子农艺性状、产量及营养品质的影响

Effects of different row spacing configurations on agronomic traits,yield and nutritional quality of millet in western Henan

【目的】探究不同行距配置对豫西谷子农艺性状、产量和品质的影响,为豫西地区高产栽培技术提供参考。【方法】以该地区主栽品种豫谷18和天粟10为材料进行田间试验,采用完全随机区组设计,设宽窄行T1(23 cm+43 cm)、T2(16 cm+50 cm)和等行距T3(30 cm+30 cm)3种行距,对谷子农艺性状、产量和营养品质进行分析。【结果】豫谷18在T2处理下株高、叶长、叶宽达到最大值,分别为103.90、39.46、3.28 cm,且株高和叶宽显著高于其他处理(P<0.05);穗下节间长在T2处理下达到最大值,为13.06 cm;茎粗、穗长、穗粗和产量在T1处理下达到最大值,分别为9.23 mm、21.17 cm、19.56 mm和4636.80 kg/hm^(2)。天粟10在T1处理下株高、叶长、叶宽、茎粗、穗长、穗粗和产量达到最大值,分别为112.00 cm、45.80 cm、3.07 cm、8.77 mm、23.17 cm、17.60 mm和4680.40 kg/hm^(2);穗下节间长在T2处理下达到最大值,为14.07 cm。通径分析表明,对豫谷18产量影响最大的因子是穗粗(0.485),其次是穗长(0.209);对天粟10产量影响最大的因子是穗粗(0.527),其次是茎粗(0.348)。灰色关联度分析表明,不同行距对豫谷18和天粟10的营养品质指标重要程度排序均为碳水化合物>粗蛋白>粗脂肪>粗灰分>粗纤维。【结论】以产量为目标时,豫西谷子的行距优选T1(23 cm+43 cm),可增加穗粗;以营养品质为目标时,行距优选T2(16 cm+50 cm),可改善营养品质。

【Objective】To explore the effects of different row spacing configurations on agronomic traits,yield and quality of millet in western Henan,and to provide reference for high-yield cultivation technology in western Henan.【Methods】Field experiments were conducted using the main cultivated varieties Yugu 18 and Tiansu 10 in the region as materials.The agronomic traits,yield and nutritional quality of millet were analyzed by using a completely random block design and three row spacings,namely T1(23 cm+43 cm),T2(16 cm+50 cm)and equal row spacing T3(30 cm+30 cm).【Results】The plant height,leaf length and leaf width of Yugu 18 reached the maximum values of 103.90,39.46 and 3.28 cm under T2 treatment,respectively,and the plant height and leaf width were significantly higher than those of other treatments(P<0.05);the internode length under panicle reached the maximum value of 13.06 cm under T2 treatment.Stem diameter,spike length,spike diameter and yield reached the maximum values under T1 treatment,which were 9.23 mm,21.17 cm,19.56 mm and 4636.80 kg/hm^(2),respectively.Plant height,leaf length,leaf width,stem diameter,spike length,spike diameter and yield of Tiansu 10 reached the maximum values of 112.00 cm,45.80 cm,3.07 cm,8.77 mm,23.17 cm,17.60 mm and 4680.40 kg/hm^(2)under T1 treatment,respectively.The internode length under panicle reached the maximum value of 14.07 cm under T2 treatment.The path analysis showed that the most influential factor on the yield of Yugu 18 was spike diameter(0.485),followed by spike length(0.209).Spike diameter(0.527),followed by stem diameter(0.348),had the greatest impact on the yield of Tiansu 10.Grey correlation analysis showed that the importance of different row spacing to the nutritional quality indexes of Yugu 18 and Tiansu 10 was ranked as carbohydrate>crude protein>crude fat>crude ash>crude fiber.【Conclusion】When the yield is the goal,the row spacing of millet in western Henan is T1(23 cm+43 cm),which can increase the ear diameter;When the goal of nutritional quality is T2(16 cm+50 cm),the row spacing is preferred,which can improve the nutritional quality.