异向双轴香蕉秸秆粉碎还田机设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Double Shafts Banana Straw Crushing and Returning Machine with Different Rotational Directions

针对现有机具作业时存在的秸秆粉碎还田效果差、秸秆抛洒不均匀等问题,设计一种异向双轴香蕉秸秆粉碎还田机,该机具主要由粉碎装置、传动装置、三点悬挂装置组成。以机具前进速度、粉碎刀轴转速和刀片厚度为试验因素,以香蕉秸秆粉碎合格率和抛撒不均匀度作为评价指标,开展三因素三水平田间试验,分析各个试验因素对评价指标的影响。方差分析结果表明,对香蕉秸秆粉碎合格率来说,机具前进速度和粉碎刀轴转速影响极显著,刀片厚度影响显著;对抛撒不均匀度来说,粉碎刀轴转速影响显著。确定了最优工作参数组合为机具前进速度1.4m·s^(-1)、粉碎刀轴转速1600r·min^(-1)、刀片厚度10mm,在此参数下的香蕉秸秆粉碎合格率为96.76%,抛撒不均匀度为8.96%,满足香蕉秸秆粉碎还田要求,达到了预期设计目标要求,为后续的机具升级换代提供了技术支持。

Aiming at the poor effect of straw crushing and returning on the field and uneven straw throwing and other problems in the operation of the existing machine tools,a kind of double shafts banana straw crushing and returning machine with different rotational directions was designed,which was mainly composed of crushing device,transmission device and three-point suspension device.Taking forward speed of the machine,rotational speed of the crushing knife shaft and thickness of the blade as the test factors,and the qualified rate of banana straw crushing and the unevenness of casting as the evaluation indexes,a three-factor,three-level field test was carried out to analyze the effects of each test factor on the evaluation indexes.The results of ANOVA showed that for the banana straw crushing pass rate,the forward speed of the machine and the speed of the crushing knife shaft had a highly significant effect,and the thickness of the blade had a significant effect;for the unevenness of the throwing,the speed of the crushing knife shaft had a significant effect.The optimal combination of working parameters was determined as the forward speed of machine 1.4 m·s^(-1),rotational speed of the crushing knife shaft 1600 r·min^(-1),and thickness of the knife blade 10 mm,under which the qualified rate of banana straw crushing under this parameter was 96.76%,and the unevenness of the casting was 8.96%,which met the requirements of banana straw crushing and returning to the field,and reached the requirements of the expected design goals,and provided technical support for the subsequent upgrading of the machine.