如何推动我国产业工人队伍高质量发展?——理论逻辑、国际启示和中国现实

How to Promote the High-Quality Development of China's Industrial Workers?——Theoretical Logic,International Implications and Chinese Reality

产业工人作为支撑制造强国战略的主体力量,对于维护产业链供应链稳定、推动制造业高质量发展至关重要。无论是发达国家还是中国,产业工人规模都发生了先升后降的变化。从长期来看,以制造业为代表的第二产业高质量发展方向决定了产业工人高质量发展。因此,本文通过规模、质量、动态性和社会环境四个维度,衡量产业工人高质量发展的整体情况。由此发现,国内产业工人群体存在规模过早下降、老龄化加剧、供需错配等规模和质量问题,同时也面临工作环境和职业发展制约、社会地位不高等动态性和社会环境问题,限制了产业和经济高质量发展。从国际经验来看,持续完善现代职业教育体系、形成尊重和崇尚“工匠精神”的良好社会氛围、推动产业工人向生产性服务业转移等方式能够有效推动国内产业工人队伍高质量发展。基于此,本文建议:做好产业工人队伍建设和人才储备,保障各生产环节发展、转型、升级的劳动力供给;对因产业结构调整、转型升级而失业的产业工人,应积极完善工人转岗转业相关工作;对流入服务业的产业工人,应着力保证合法权益和能力提升渠道;完善职业教育培训体系,为制造强国建设持续输送大国工匠;营造对产业工人充分尊重的社会氛围。

Industrial workers,as the main force supporting the strategy of building a manufacturing power⁃house,are crucial for maintaining the stability of the industrial and supply chains and promoting high-quality de⁃velopment of the manufacturing industry.Whether in developed countries or China,the scale of industrial workers has undergone a change of first increasing and then decreasing.In the long run,the high-quality development di⁃rection of the secondary industry represented by manufacturing determines the high-quality development of indus⁃trial workers.Therefore,this article measures the overall situation of high-quality development of industrial work⁃ers through four dimensions:scale,quality,dynamism,and social environment.From this,it is found that the do⁃mestic industrial worker group faces problems such as premature decline in scale,worsening aging,and supply-de⁃mand mismatch in terms of scale and quality.At the same time,they also face constraints on work environment and career development,low social status,and other dynamic and social environmental issues,which limit the high-quality development of industries and the economy.From international experience,continuously improving the modern vocational education system,forming a good social atmosphere that respects and advocates the"crafts⁃man spirit",and promoting the transfer of industrial workers to productive service industries can effectively pro⁃mote the high-quality development of the domestic industrial workforce.Based on this,this article puts forward fol⁃lowing suggestions:building a strong workforce and talent reserve in the industry to ensure the supply of labor for the development,transformation,and upgrading of various production processes.For industrial workers who be⁃come unemployed due to industrial restructuring,transformation and upgrading,actively improving the work relat⁃ed to workers'job and career transitions.For industrial workers flowing into the service industry,making efforts to ensure their legitimate rights and interests and channels for capacity enhancement.Improving the vocational edu⁃cation and training system to continuously provide skilled workers for the construction of a manufacturing power⁃house.Creating a social atmosphere that fully respects industrial workers.