美国全球定位系统全球推广的动因与路径

The Motivation and Path of Global Promotion of the GPS of U.S.

本文从天缘政治学视角出发,在探讨全球定位系统(GPS)的缘起及其与GLONASS系统竞争的基础上,对美国GPS系统全球推广战略的形成动因与推广路径展开分析。研究发现,在美国军队学说和研发经费削减的双重影响下,美国确立了GPS系统的全球推广战略,采用了三条推广路径:一是与其他国家在全球导航卫星系领域开展合作;二是借助国内立法并通过与国际组织合作,积极向全球民用领域推广GPS系统,逐步确立了GPS系统在全球民用领域的领先优势;三是与私营部门合作,提高GPS系统的使用价值。美国向全球推广GPS系统的路径为中国北斗系统的全球推广提供了经验启示。

Starting from the perspective of Astropolitics,this article explores the origin of the GPS and its competition with the GLONASS,and analyzes the formation motives and promotion paths of the global promotion strategy of the US GPS.Research has found that under the dual influence of US military doctrine and development budget cuts,US has established a global promotion strategy for the GPS and has adopted three promotion paths.First,it cooperates with other countries in the field of global navigation satellite systems;Second,it actively promotes the GPS to the global civil sector with the help of domestic legislation and through cooperation with international organizations,and gradually establishes the leading edge of the GPS in the global civil sector;Third,it cooperates with the private sectors to enhance the value of the use of the GPS.The path taken by the US to promote GPS systems globally has provided experience and inspiration for the global promotion of China s Beidou system.