从“疏离”迈向“协同”:乡村振兴背景下幼儿园与社区互动现状及提升策略研究

From“Alienation”to“Synergy”:A Study on the Current Situation of Kindergarten-Community Interaction and Enhancement Strategies under the Background of Rural Revitalization

乡村幼儿园与乡村社区之间的互动作为乡村振兴与乡村幼教互生共长的重要发力点,反思二者互动可以有效审视乡村振兴背景下我国乡村幼教赖以生存的“旧生态”。本研究对我国东、中、西部六省(区/市)的1 821位乡村幼儿教师进行问卷调查,并对乡村幼儿园园长、社区工作人员以及幼儿家长共27人进行访谈,借鉴社会互动理论,从园社互动的总体概况及向度、深度、广度和频度进行分析发现:我国乡村园社互动整体处于中等水平,呈现“间隔疏离”的总体特征。由于互动观念淡薄、互动机制不畅、行动逻辑各异等,导致园社互动中呈现出单向发起多,双向发起少;表层互动多,深层互动少;原子化互动多,全体性互动少;工具性互动多,情感性互动少等问题。我国在构建“新乡土幼教体系”的征程中,应反思乡村振兴背景下二者互动的逻辑起点和重要意义,谋求价值协同;建立园所积极主导、社区有效支持的互动机制,创生制度协同;探索园社联动紧密、行动耦合的互动模式,共促行动协同。

The interaction between rural kindergartens and rural communities serves as a significant breakthrough and pivotal force for the mutual growth of “rural revitalization”and “rural early childhood education”.Reflecting on the interaction between the two can examine the “old ecology”on which rural early childhood education in China relies under the background of rural revitalization.A questionnaire survey was conducted on 1 821 rural kindergarten teachers in six provinces of eastern,central and western China.Additionally,interviews were conducted with 27 rural kindergarten principals,rural community staff and parents of young children.Drawing on the theory of social interaction,an analysis of the overall situation of kindergarten-community interaction and the four key dimensions of orientation,depth,breadth and frequency,reveals that the overall interaction between rural kindergartens and communities in China is at a moderate level,with a tendency towards“interval and alienation”.Due to weak interaction concepts,poor interaction mechanisms,and diverse action logic,the interaction between rural kindergartens and communities in China shows the problems of more one-way initiation and less two-way initiation,more surface interaction and less deep interaction,more atomized interaction and less overall interaction,more instrumental interaction and less emotional interaction.In the process of building a “new rural early childhood education system” in China,it is recommended to reflect on the logical starting point and significance of the interaction between the two under the background of rural revitalization to seek value synergy;to establish an interactive mechanism actively led by the kindergarten and effectively supported by the community to create a synergy mechanism;to explore the interaction models of close kindergartencommunity linkage and action coupling to jointly promote an interactive synergy.